Solid acids: potential catalysts for alkene–isoalkane alkylation

Abstract

Production of high-octane gasoline is important to improve upon the performance and hence economics of oil companies worldwide.

H2SO4‐catalyzed isobutane alkylation under low temperatures promoted by long‐alkyl‐chain surfactant additives

“… 4 These disadvantages of conventional catalysts motivate researchers to develop novel candidates for C4 alkylation, such as solid acids and ionic liquids 5–9 . Although solid acids present a good initial activity and selectivity, the rapid deactivation is the inherent drawback to limit the large‐scale industrial application 10–12 . Also, the research about ionic liquids as novel catalysts for C4 alkylation has more rapidly grown owing to the process advantages, and the commercial use of ionic liquid‐based alkylation technology has been reported 9,13 .…”

Honeycomb-structured solid acid catalysts fabricated via the swelling-induced self-assembly of acidic poly(ionic liquid)s for highly efficient hydrolysis reactions

“…Acid catalysis is an important reaction that has been widely used for the production of petrochemicals, conversion of bio-mass, synthesis of fine chemicals, and other industrial processes [1][2][3][4]. Conventional homogeneous acid catalysts, such as H2SO4 and HF, have been used extensively for many acid-catalyzed chemical processes owing to their high acid strength, uniform distribution of acid sites, and excellent catalytic activity [1,[5][6][7].…”

Functional mesoporous poly (ionic liquid) derived from P123: From synthesis to catalysis and alkylation of styrene and o‐xylene

“…The Friedel‐Crafts (F‐C) reaction is a key direct C‐C bond forming reaction, which is one of the cornerstones of organic and industrial synthetic chemistry. For example, Phenylxylylethane (PXE) obtained by the alkylation of o ‐xylene with styrene has been widely used as excellent solvent.…”

“…And the results show that MPILs were featured with mesoporous channel structure, high surface area (up to 737 m 2 /g) and large pore volumes (1.16 cm 3 /g), which benefit heterogeneous phase reaction (such as, alkylation of styrene with o-xylene). In the alkylation reaction, under optimal reaction 1 | INTRODUCTION The Friedel-Crafts (F-C) reaction [1][2][3] is a key direct C-C bond forming reaction, which is one of the cornerstones of organic and industrial synthetic chemistry. For example, Phenylxylylethane (PXE) [4] obtained by the alkylation of o-xylene with styrene has been widely used as excellent solvent.…”

“…For example, Phenylxylylethane (PXE) [4] obtained by the alkylation of o-xylene with styrene has been widely used as excellent solvent. Generally, a strong acid catalyst such as H 2 SO 4 , AlCl 3 and Phosphotungstic acid (HPW) is essential to the F-C reaction. However, for traditional alkylation catalysts, there were series of disadvantages, [5] for instance, strong corrosivity, unstability, dangerous to handle and overalkylation of the product, etc.…”