Solar cell efficiency tables (version 14)

Solar cell efficiency tables (version 15)

“…Highest con®rmed cell results are reported in Tables I±III. Any changes in the tables from those previously published 14 are set in bold type. Table I summarizes the best measurements for cells and submodules, Table II shows the best results for modules and Table III shows the best results for concentrator cells and concentrator modules.…”

Graphene photonics and optoelectronics

“…Current PV technology is dominated by Si cells 96 , with η up to∼25% 97 . Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) rely on polymers for light absorption and charge transport 98 .…”

Science and technology roadmap for graphene, related two-dimensional crystals, and hybrid systems

“…Si is by far the most widely used absorber 1979 and currently dominates the PV market, 1979 with energy conversion efficiency (η) up to ∼25%. 1980 η is defined as η = P max /P inc , where P inc is the incident power and P max = V OC × I SC × FF, where V OC is the maximum open-circuit voltage, I SC is the maximum short-circuit current and FF is the fill factor, defined as FF = (V max × I max )/(V OC × I SC ), with I max and V max the maximum current and voltage. 1981 Despite significant development over the past decades, 1982 the cost 1980,1982 of crystalline Si-based solar cells, often referred as 1 st generation solar cells, 1979 is still a bottleneck for the implementation of solar electricity on large scale.…”

“…1980 η is defined as η = P max /P inc , where P inc is the incident power and P max = V OC × I SC × FF, where V OC is the maximum open-circuit voltage, I SC is the maximum short-circuit current and FF is the fill factor, defined as FF = (V max × I max )/(V OC × I SC ), with I max and V max the maximum current and voltage. 1981 Despite significant development over the past decades, 1982 the cost 1980,1982 of crystalline Si-based solar cells, often referred as 1 st generation solar cells, 1979 is still a bottleneck for the implementation of solar electricity on large scale. The development of new materials and concepts for the PV devices is thus fundamental to increase efficiency, especially for mobile applications with limited surface area.…”