Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)

Parker, C.; Rojas‐Sandoval, Julissa; Acevedo‐Rodríguez, Pedro

doi:10.1079/cabicompendium.50562

Cited by 2 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is designated as a noxious weed 2 in the United States and is reported to be invasive in nine countries. 3 In August 2010, it was found in the Upper Macleay Valley in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and subsequently in southeastern Queensland. It is now listed as a Class 2 noxious weed under the New South Wales Noxious Weed Act of 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1980s, it has been an invasive weed of pastures and surrounding natural areas in Florida, USA. It is designated as a noxious weed 2 in the United States and is reported to be invasive in nine countries 3 . In August 2010, it was found in the Upper Macleay Valley in New South Wales (NSW), Australia and subsequently in south‐eastern Queensland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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BackgroundTobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 (TMGMV‐U2) is a registered active ingredient in a bioherbicide to control tropical soda apple (TSA), Solanum viarum, an invasive weed. As required for registration, we developed empirical data on the host‐virus interaction and the virus's host range, survival, spread, and genomic sequence.ResultsTMGMV‐U2 killed TSA plants by causing systemic hypersensitive necrosis (SHN). It elicited local lesions in inoculated leaves which was followed by the plant's wilting and death. It moved from inoculated terminal leaves through the vasculature to roots and then to newly developed leaves. Phloem death was implicated in wilting and plant death. The SHN response was attenuated in plants grown at constant 32 °C. TMGMV‐U2 titer in TSA was low compared to a systemically susceptible tobacco. The virus remained infective for up to 6 mo in infected dead TSA tissues and in soil in which infected plants had grown. Susceptible tobacco and pepper plants grown in soil that previously had infected dead TSA or in soil amended with the virus remained asymptomatic and virus‐free. A susceptible pepper crop grown in a field block following two consecutive crops of TMGMV‐U2‐infected susceptible tobacco grew disease‐free and virus‐free and without yield loss. Purified TMGMV‐U2 was infective for 1 yr when stored at ‐20 °C or 5 °C and for 1 mo at room temperature. No virus spread was found in the field. Genomic analyses confirmed the registered isolate to be a U2 strain and free of satellite TMV. The TMGMV‐U2‐susceptible species preponderantly belonged to the Solanaceae. A few hosts that were killed belonged to this family. Several new hosts to TMGMV‐U2 were found. These data enabled registration of TMGMV‐U2.ConclusionTMGMV‐U2 can be used safely as a bioherbicide without risks to nontarget plants and the environment.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Charudattan,

Hiebert,

Pettersen

et al. 2023

Pest Management Science

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“…It is native to Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay, and Uruguay, and is now reported to occur in 30 countries as a native or an introduced plant. It is reported as invasive in nine countries around the world 20 . In the United States, it was first reported from Florida, where it continues to be a problem in cattle ranches and natural areas 21 .…”

Section: The First and Only Epa‐registered Virus‐based Bioherbicidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is reported as invasive in nine countries around the world. 20 In the United States, it was first reported from Florida, where it continues to be a problem in cattle ranches and natural areas. 21 It is seed-dispersed by cattle that consume the fruit, and from the use of contaminated hay and commercial grass seeds.…”

Section: The First and Only Epa-registered Virus-based Bioherbicidementioning

confidence: 99%

Use of plant viruses as bioherbicides: the first virus‐based bioherbicide and future opportunities

Charudattan

2023

Pest Management Science

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Until recently, only a few plant viruses had been studied for use as biological control agents for weeds, but none was developed into a registered bioherbicide. This position changed in 2015 when the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted an unrestricted Section 3 registration for tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) strain U2 as an herbicide active ingredient (a.i.) for a commercial bioherbicide (SolviNix LC). It is approved for the control of tropical soda apple (TSA, Solanum viarum), an invasive ‘noxious weed’ in the United States. TSA is a problematic weed in cattle pastures and natural areas in Florida. The TMGMV‐U2 product kills TSA consistently, completely, and within a few weeks after its application. It is part of the TSA integrated best management practice (BMP) in Florida along with approved chemical herbicides and a classical biocontrol agent, Gratiana boliviana (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). TMGMV is nonpathogenic and nontoxic to humans, animals, and other fauna, environmentally safe, and as effective as chemical herbicides. Unlike the insect biocontrol agent, TMGMV kills and eliminates the weed from fields and helps recycle the dead biomass in the soil. Here the discovery, proof of concept, mode of action, risk analyses, application methods and tools, field testing, and development of the virus as the commercial product are reviewed. Also reviewed here are the data and scientific justifications advanced to answer the concerns raised about the use of the virus as a herbicide. The prospects for discovery and development of other plant‐virus‐based bioherbicides are discussed.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

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Solanum viarum (tropical soda apple)

Abstract: This datasheet on Solanum viarum covers Identity, Overview, Distribution, Dispersal, Hosts/Species Affected, Diagnosis, Biology & Ecology, Environmental Requirements, Natural Enemies, Impacts, Uses, Prevention/Control, Further Information.

Cited by 2 publications

References 40 publications

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Host‐virus interaction between tobacco mild green mosaic virus strain U2 and tropical soda apple resulting in systemic hypersensitive necrosis and the host range, survival, spread, and molecular characterization of the virus

Use of plant viruses as bioherbicides: the first virus‐based bioherbicide and future opportunities

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