Soil salinity and its distribution determined by soil sampling and electromagnetic techniques

Herrero, J.; Ba, Abdramane; Aragüés, R.

doi:10.1111/j.1475-2743.2003.tb00291.x

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The Calle´n soil is classified as Typic Xerofluvent (Soil Survey Staff, 1999) and it is affected by salinity, sodicity and low infiltration rates in some areas of the field (Aragu¨e´s et al, 2004). The surface-weighted ECe of the 1 ha field was 4.2 dS m )1 ; 37% of the area had ECe values below 2 dS m )1 (i.e., non-saline soil) and 22% of the area had ECe values above 8 dS m )1 (i.e., high-saline soil) (Herrero et al, 2003). The area selected for study was underlain by a relatively shallow water table (1.3-1.6 m depth during the study period), and was flood-irrigated about three times during the April to September 1999-2001 irrigation seasons with the good-quality Flumen canal water (EC < 0.4 dS m )1 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: Trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation

et al. 2005

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Irrigated olive is rapidly increasing in arid and semiarid areas, many of which may be negatively affected by soil salinity. We evaluated changes in trunk growth and leaf Cl ) , Na + and K + concentrations in young Arbequina olives (Olea europaea L.) grown in a saline-sodic field over a three-year period. The trunk diameter was measured at the beginning and the end of the 1999 (70 trees), 2000 (59 trees) and 2001 (42 trees) growing periods. Leaves, sampled in August of each year, were analyzed for Cl ) , Na + and K + concentrations. Soil salinity (apparent electrical conductivity, ECa) of each monitored tree was measured 14 times during the 1999-2001 experimental period with an electromagnetic sensor and converted to root zone electrical conductivity of the soil saturation extract (ECe) based on ECa-ECe calibration curves. Salinity tolerance was determined using the Maas and Hoffman 'threshold-slope' response model. Based on salinity thresholds (ECe thr ), the tolerance of olive in terms of trunk growth was high in 1999 (ECe thr = 6.7 dS m )1 ), but declined with age and time of exposure to salts by 30% in 2000 (ECe thr = 4.7 dS m )1 ) and by 55% in 2001 (ECe thr = 3.0 dS m )1 ). Based on the high absolute slopes obtained in all years (values between 16% and 23% dS )1 m), olive was classified as very sensitive to ECe values above the threshold. Trunk growth thresholds based on leaf ion concentrations varied, depending on years, between 2.6 and 4.0 mg g )1 (Cl thr ) and between 1.0 and 1.2 mg g )1 (Na thr ), indicating that Arbequina olive was less sensitive to leaf Cl ) and much more sensitive to leaf Na + than values reported as toxic in greenhouse studies. Leaf K + slightly decreased with increasing salinity, whereas the K + /Na + ratio sharply decreased with increasing salinity. We concluded that the initial salinity tolerance of olive was high, but declined sharply with time of exposure to salts and became quite sensitive due primarily to increasing toxic concentrations of Na + in the leaves.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: Trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation

et al. 2005

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“…In the last 20 years, scientists have made advances to better understand the best application procedure for measuring soil salinity, water in soil pores, soil texture and depth etc. [3,4,5,6,7,8] . By identifying the complexities of EC a measurement and how to deal with them, Corwin and Lesch [9] provided guidelines for the use of EC a in agriculture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of Electromagnetic Sensing and Infiltration Measurements to Evaluate Salinity Reclamation and Turfgrass Management Options for Improved Leaching

Semiz

Suarez

Lesch³

2021

Preprint

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Scarce freshwater resources in arid and semiarid regions means that recreational landscapes should use recycled or low quality waters for irrigation, increasing the risk of salinity and infiltration problems. We map salinity distribution within turf fields using electromagnetic sensing, evaluate need for leaching and evaluate post leaching results for subsequent management decisions. Electromagnetic measurements were made with two EM38 instruments positioned vertically and horizontally in order to determine salinity distribution. Sensor readings were coupled to GPS data to create spatial salinity maps. Next, optimal calibration point coordinates were determined via ESAP software. Soil samples were taken from 0-60 cm at 5 depths for each calibration point. Laboratory soil saturation percentage, moisture content, ECe and pHe of saturation extracts were determined for calibration to convert resistivity measurements to ECe. Next, ECe maps were created using ESAP software. Leaching for reclamation was performed by means of sprinkling. Treated municipal wastewater was utilized both for irrigation and for reclamation leaching. Low water content and high spatial variability of soil texture adversely affected the accuracy of the readings. Pre and post leaching surveys indicate that there was only a 30% decrease in salinity, very low relative to expected results considering the amount of water applied. This relatively low reduction in salinity and the lack of runoff during irrigation combined with infiltration measurements suggests that aeration techniques for healthier grasses led to water bypassing small pores thus limiting leaching efficiency. In this instance practices to improve infiltration lead paradoxically to less salinity reclamation than expected.

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“…At the field level, this includes Triantafilis et al (2001aTriantafilis et al ( and, 2002 and Herrero et al (2003). However, secondary salinisation often results from processes occurring at a district (Triantafilis et al, 2004a) or catchment level (Triantafilis et al, 2004b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping the spatial distribution of subsurface saline material in the Darling River valley

Triantafilis

Buchanan

2010

Journal of Applied Geophysics

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Soil salinity and its distribution determined by soil sampling and electromagnetic techniques

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: Trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation

Three-year field response of young olive trees (Olea europaea L., cv. Arbequina) to soil salinity: Trunk growth and leaf ion accumulation

Application of Electromagnetic Sensing and Infiltration Measurements to Evaluate Salinity Reclamation and Turfgrass Management Options for Improved Leaching

Mapping the spatial distribution of subsurface saline material in the Darling River valley

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