Soil Physical Constraints and Plant Growth Interactions

Murphy, James A.; Murphy, Shaun; Samaranayake, Hiranthi

doi:10.1201/9780824746568.ch13

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…Firstly, data were collected during the post‐rainy season (in April and May), a period when most annual grasses in the basalt (open grasslands characterized with heavy clayey soils) had used their nutrients quickly (Prins et al. , 1996), and dried up as a result of higher soil moisture tension, a measure of energy a plant must apply to the soil in order to extract the available moisture (Murphy et al. , 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining grass‐nutrient patterns in a savanna rangeland of southern Africa

Mutanga¹,

Prins²,

Skidmore³

et al. 2004

Journal of Biogeography

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Aim The search for possible factors influencing the spatial variation of grass quality is an important step towards understanding the distribution of herbivores, as well as a step towards identifying crucial areas for conservation and restoration. A number of studies have shown that grass quality at a regional scale is influenced by climatic variables. At a local scale, site factors and their interaction are considered important. In this study, we aimed at examining environmental correlates of grass quality at a local scale. The study also sought to establish if biotic factors interact significantly with abiotic factors in influencing a variation in grass quality.Location The study area is located in the Kruger National Park of South Africa. The study area stretches from west (22°49¢ S and 31°01¢ E) to east, (22°44¢ S and 31°22¢ E) covering an area of about 25 · 6 km in the far northern region of the Kruger National Park.Methods We collected environmental data such as soil texture, percentage grass cover and biomass as well as grass samples for chemical analysis from specific locations in the study area. In addition, a digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 5 m was used to derive elevation, slope and aspect using a geographic information system (GIS), which were related to grass quality. We used correlation analysis and anova to relate environmental variables to grass quality. Multivariate analysis techniques were used to simultaneously analyse and explore the complex interactions between variables. Results and conclusionsOur results indicate that there is a significant relationship between grass quality parameters and site-specific factors such as slope, altitude, percentage grass cover, aspect and soil texture. Relatively, percentage grass cover and soil texture were more critical in explaining a variation in grass quality. Plant characteristics such as species type interact significantly with slope, altitude and geology in influencing nutrient distribution. The results of this study may give a better insight on foliar nutrient distribution patterns at a landscape scale in savanna rangelands. Furthermore, the results of this study may help in the selection of ancillary information, which could be used in conjunction with other data such as remotely sensed data to map grass quality -an important step towards understanding the distribution and feeding patterns of wildlife. However, we acknowledge that this study is based on one seasonal snapshot, therefore some slightly different findings may be obtained during other times of the year. Nevertheless, the study has revealed that under the conditions experienced during the study period, nutrient distribution varies with varying biotic and abiotic factors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Explaining grass‐nutrient patterns in a savanna rangeland of southern Africa

Mutanga¹,

Prins²,

Skidmore³

et al. 2004

Journal of Biogeography

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“…The results' CH 4 emissions are controlled by a range of biogeochemical processes including interactions between soil moisture, soil redox status, soil texture, soil pH, and the availability of organic and inorganic components, as well as the combined effects of these factors [71]. Methane release from rice varieties is influenced by genetic factors, morphology, plant physiology, media, and plant growth environment [72,73]. The ability of cultivars to release CH 4 depends on the chemical cavity, number of tillers, root biomass, and metabolic activity [72,74].…”

Section: Methane (Ch 4 ) Emissionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of Organic Fertilizers and Rice Varieties on Rice Production and Methane Emissions in Nutrient-Poor Irrigated Rice Fields

et al. 2022

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The problem of rice farming in Indonesia is the increasing extent of nutrient-poor land due to the lack of addition of organic matter and continuously inundated irrigated rice fields, causing the production of greenhouse gas emissions, such as methane gas (CH4), to increase. The study aims to determine the impact of organic fertilizers and rice varieties on rice yield, methane emissions, and the feasibility of farming in nutrient-poor rice fields. The study used a randomized block design in factorial with four replicates. The first factor is the type of organic fertilizers (compost of rice straw and goat manure), and the second factor is the variety of rice (Ciherang, Inpari 20, and Inpari 30). The results showed that the productivity of Inpari 20 (8.02 t·ha−1) was significantly higher than that of Inpari 30 (6.10 t·ha−1) and Ciherang (6.91 t·ha−1). The highest yields of Harvest Dry Grain (HDG) to Milled Dry Grain (MDG) were the Inpari 20 (88.23%), Inpari 30 (86.94%), and Ciherang (85.04%). Methane (CH4) emissions were highest in the Ciherang variety (56.4 kg h−1 season−1), followed by Inpari 30 (40.8 kg h−1 season−1), and lowest in Inpari 20 (22.3 kg h−1 season−1). Compared to Inpari 30 and Ciherang varieties, the Inpari 20 variety with rice straw compost has broad development viability in nutrient-poor paddy fields (highest R/C ratio and break-even point). More research on organic rice is needed to determine the productivity and emissions (methane, nitrite, carbon dioxide).

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“…This may occur when soil is wet, but the relationship between oxygen and compaction is more complex. Recent studies indicate O 2 concentration is not limited; rather, diffusion rates are weakly correlated with high densities (Boone and Veen 1994;Day et al 1995;Murphy et al 2000). Therefore, the following research was conducted to compare moderately and highly compacted soil with respect to O 2 and ethylene content, physical properties, and the differential growth and transpiration of Acer × freemanii 'Armstrong' and Acer rubrum 'Brandywine' growing in these soils.…”

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confidence: 99%

Characterization of Physical, Gaseous, and Hydrologic Properties of Compacted Subsoil and its Effects on Growth and Transpiration of Two Maples Grown Under Greenhouse Conditions

Fair¹,

Metzger²,

Vent³

2012

AUF

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City foresters and horticulturists often seek trees suited for urban conditions. Two maples often used were selected to assess response to compacted soil: ‘Armstrong’ Freeman maple and ‘Brandywine’ red maple. Soil physical parameters were assessed to determine effects of high density on movement of gas and water. Rigid-walled lysimeters constructed from polyvinyl chloride pipe were filled with clay subsoil compacted to 1.64 g·cm-3 (MODERATE-density) and 1.78 g·cm-3 (HIGH-density). Compaction decreased total porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity. In addition, CO2 concentrations in compacted soil were 5–18 times higher than atmospheric concentrations, while O2 concentrations were similar to atmospheric levels despite density. O2 concentration played no real role in plant growth response to compaction. Trees growing in MODERATE-density soils had higher transpiration rates than trees growing in HIGH-density soils, although differences decreased over time. A high soil density did not affect caliper growth, but did reduce annual height growth, leaf area and dry weight, and stem dry weight, but responses varied over time and between species. Root dry weight and volume were unaffected by compaction, but root:shoot ratio was higher for trees growing in HIGH-density soils, which is expected as aboveground biomass is typically reduced by soil compaction.

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Soil Physical Constraints and Plant Growth Interactions

Cited by 4 publications

References 114 publications

Explaining grass‐nutrient patterns in a savanna rangeland of southern Africa

Explaining grass‐nutrient patterns in a savanna rangeland of southern Africa

Study of Organic Fertilizers and Rice Varieties on Rice Production and Methane Emissions in Nutrient-Poor Irrigated Rice Fields

Characterization of Physical, Gaseous, and Hydrologic Properties of Compacted Subsoil and its Effects on Growth and Transpiration of Two Maples Grown Under Greenhouse Conditions

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