Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop

Stenberg, Maria; Aronsson, Helena; Lindén, Börje; Rydberg, Tomas; Gustafson, Arne

doi:10.1016/s0167-1987(98)00197-4

Cited by 107 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Water dynamics and aeration in soil are highly dependent on texture and structure and the latter are therefore important for plant growth both directly, but also through the regulation of microorganismsthe engine in decomposition and nutrient cycling processes (Stenberg, 1999). There are also environmental aspects, as structure influences the risk of nutrient and pesticide leaching (Jarvis, 2007;Stenberg et al, 1999). Although clay is defined as particles smaller than 2 mm, clay particles mainly consist of clay minerals.…”

Section: Soil Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science

Stenberg

Rossel

Mouazen

et al. 2010

Advances in Agronomy

1,109

845

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter provides a review on the state of soil visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy. Our intention is for the review to serve as a source of up-to date information on the past and current role of vis-NIR spectroscopy in soil science. It should also provide critical discussion on issues surrounding the use of vis-NIR for soil analysis and on future directions. To this end, we describe the fundamentals of visible and infrared diffuse reflectance spectroscopy and spectroscopic multivariate calibrations. A review of the past and current role of vis-NIR spectroscopy in soil analysis is provided, focusing on important soil attributes such as soil organic matter (SOM), minerals, texture, nutrients, water, pH, and heavy metals. We then discuss the performance and generalization capacity of vis-NIR calibrations, with particular attention on sample pre-tratments, co-variations in data sets, and mathematical data preprocessing. Field analyses and strategies for the practical use of vis-NIR are considered. We conclude that the technique is useful to measure soil water and mineral composition and to derive robust calibrations for SOM and clay content. Many studies show that we also can predict properties such as pH and nutrients, although their robustness may be questioned. For future work we recommend that research should focus on: (i) moving forward with more theoretical calibrations, (ii) better understanding of the complexity of soil and the physical basis for soil reflection, and (iii) applications and the use of spectra for soil mapping and monitoring, and for making inferences about soils quality, fertility and function. To do this, research in soil spectroscopy needs to be more collaborative and strategic.

show abstract

Section: Soil Texturementioning

confidence: 99%

Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science

Stenberg

Rossel

Mouazen

et al. 2010

Advances in Agronomy

1,109

845

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This, in combination with low evapotranspiration during autumn and winter, high precipitation, and percolation of water through the soil, results in N leaching from the root zone (Thorup-Kristensen et al 2003). Several Nordic studies have revealed that reduced, delayed, or omitted tillage during autumn, preferably in combination with a growing crop, reduces the risk of N leaching substantially on soils susceptible to high N leaching (Hansen and Djurhuus 1997;Stenberg et al 1999;Torstensson and Aronsson 2000). Using the short frost-free period during autumn efficiently for crop growth and N uptake places great demands on crop properties and management regime.…”

Section: Implementation Of Cover Crops For Reduced Nitrogen Leaching mentioning

confidence: 99%

The ability of cover crops to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from arable land in southern Scandinavia and Finland

Aronsson¹,

Hansen²,

Thomsen³

et al. 2016

Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

103

100

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This review summarizes current knowledge from the literature and experimental studies on the role of cover crops (CCs) in reducing nitrogen (N) leaching and phosphorus (P) losses to waters under the marine and humid continental climate conditions of southern Scandinavia and Finland. Field leaching studies from 11 sites indicate that undersown ryegrass (Lolium spp.) CCs are robust, with average N uptake in aboveground CC biomass of 7 to 38 kg N ha -1 (6.2 to 34 lb N ac -1). Use of CCs sown at harvest (e.g., crucifers) is restricted to southern Scandinavia for climate reasons. The mean relative reduction in N leaching reported for all CCs investigated was 43%, but it ranged between 62% increase instead of a reduction after a red clover (Trifolium pratense) CC on a clay soil to a reduction of 85% to 89% with a perennial ryegrass CC on sandy soils in Denmark (36 to 51 kg ha -1 [32 to 46 lb ac]). The data indicate that CCs do not substantially reduce total P losses by runoff and leaching. The effects of CCs on total P leaching varied between a relative increase of 86% and a decrease of 43%. Climate conditions involving freezing-thawing during winter increased the risk of losses of dissolved P from CC biomass. CCs have been implemented to varying degrees into agri-environmental programs. They are mandatory in Denmark and subsidized in Norway, Sweden, and Finland. CCs are grown on 8% of arable land in Denmark, 5% in Sweden, 1% in Finland, and 0.5% in Norway, but CC area is now increasing dramatically in Finland due to a new subsidy program. In all countries there is a need, and potential, for increased use of CCs, but there are several constraints, particularly reduced interest among farmers. There is a clear need to identify CC systems and develop implementation strategies for appropriate distribution of CCs on different soils and regions with respect to required reductions in N leaching and P losses. For this, more knowledge is required, especially about the effect of CCs on P losses (e.g., the effect of species with different partitioning between shoot and root biomass and the effects of CC systems with harvesting of biomass). There is also a need to devise balanced solutions for maintaining and increasing the frequency of CCs in crop rotations to exploit the possible benefits of CCs in reducing nutrient losses.Key words: cover crop species-nitrogen leaching-perennial ryegrass-phosphorus leaching-phosphorus surface runoff Helena Aronsson is a senior lecturer with extension duties and Barbro Ulén is a professor,

show abstract

“…They have horizontal leaves that efficiently shadow the crown of companion grasses, where new tillers emerge, and are therefore competitive when the availability of nitrogen is poor (Haynes, 1980;Woledge, 1988). Perennial ryegrass has an extensive root system and can efficiently scavenge the top soil for available nitrogen and produce much biomass when there is enough nitrogen available (Hopkins et al, 1995;Stenberg et al, 1999). Red clover and perennial ryegrass can therefore be considered to represent two different modes of competition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elymus repensbiomass allocation and acquisition as affected by light and nutrient supply and companion crop competition

Ringselle

Prieto-Ruiz

Andersson

et al. 2016

Ann Bot

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and Aims Competitive crops are a central component of resource-efficient weed control, especially for problematic perennial weeds such as Elymus repens. Competition not only reduces total weed biomass, but denial of resources can also change the allocation pattern -potentially away from the underground storage organs that make perennial weeds difficult to control. Thus, the competition mode of crops may be an important component in the design of resource-efficient cropping systems. Our aim was to determine how competition from companion crops with different modes of competition affect E. repens biomass acquisition and allocation and discuss that in relation to how E. repens responds to different levels of light and nutrient supply.Methods Greenhouse experiments were conducted with E. repens growing in interspecific competition with increasing density of perennial ryegrass or red clover, or growing at three levels of both lig ht and nutrient supply.Key Results Elymus repens total biomass decreased with increasing biomass of the companion crop and the rate of decrease was higher with red clover than with perennial ryegrass, particularly for E. repens rhizome biomass. A reduced nutrient supply shifted E. repens allocation towards below-ground biomass while a reduced light supply shifted it towards shoot biomass. Red clover caused no change in E. repens allocation pattern, while ryegrass mostly shifted the allocation towards below-ground biomass, but the change was not correlated with ryegrass biomass.Conclusions The companion crop mode of competition influences both the suppression rate of E. repens biomass acquisition and the likelihood of shifts in E. repens biomass allocation.

show abstract

Soil mineral nitrogen and nitrate leaching losses in soil tillage systems combined with a catch crop

Cited by 107 publications

References 17 publications

Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science

Visible and Near Infrared Spectroscopy in Soil Science

The ability of cover crops to reduce nitrogen and phosphorus losses from arable land in southern Scandinavia and Finland

Elymus repensbiomass allocation and acquisition as affected by light and nutrient supply and companion crop competition

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About