Soil Extracellular Enzyme Activities and Uptake of N by Oilseed Rape Depending on Fertilization and Seaweed Biostimulant Application

Abstract

The present study has aimed at enhancing the insufficient knowledge of functional soil enzymes properties influenced by inorganic fertilization and biostimulant application to increase the uptake of nitrogen affecting the winter oilseed rape yield. Field experiments were conducted in Poland (53° N, 18° E) in Alfisol (USDA). In this experiment, the NPK rates applied were as follows: high 180 N, 70 P and 160 K 132 N (kg ha−1) or low 144 N, 35 P and 66 K (kg ha−1); fertilization with elemental S 36 or 0 (kg ha−1); and the seaweed biostimulant Kelpak was applied or there was no such treatment. Due to low NPK fertilization rates, the activity of dehydrogenases, peroxidases, and catalase increased in subsistent generative development stages from flowering to ripening. At the ripening stage, the activity of these enzymes, as well as nitroreductase activity, were inhibited by high NPK fertilizer rates. The seaweed biostimulant application and S fertilization increased N accumulation in plants of oilseed rape in generative development, by 16% and 13%, respectively, as compared with the lack of these treatments. The application of S increased the uptake of nitrogen in shoots and in whole oilseed rape plants only after application of higher rates of NPK.

Changes in Pisum sativum L. Plants and in Soil as a Result of Application of Selected Foliar Fertilizers and Biostimulators

“…High dehydrogenase activity was observed during the full growing season of the pea crop (onset of flowering), and may be associated with increased secretion by the root system during this period, which subsequently leads to increased numbers of microorganisms. Similar results were obtained by Siwik-Ziomek and Szczepanek [72], who analyzed the impact of inorganic fertilization (NPK and S) and the Kelpak biostimulator on dehydrogenase activity in the soil during the cultivation of winter rapeseed. In their study, they observed an increase in dehydrogenase and catalase activity in the period from flowering to ripening.…”

“…It is considered one of the main enzymes with antioxidant activity and works mainly to remove excess hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) by converting water and oxygen in all aerobic organisms [82]. Brzezińska et al [72] showed a significant relationship between catalase activity and the oxygenation of soils. The stimulating effect of biostimulators on the activity of this enzyme was demonstrated by Niewiadomska et al [29] in a study conducted during the cultivation of soybean and white lupin, while Stępniewska et al [83] showed significant positive correlations between soil catalase activity and organic matter content, biomass, oxygen absorption, carbon dioxide secretion, as well as dehydrogenase, glucosidase, amidase, and phosphodiesterase activity.…”

The Influence of Tillage and Cover Cropping on Soil Microbial Parameters and Spring Wheat Physiology

“…It reduces their populations and the populations of so-called inductive enzymes, which are secreted into soil by microorganisms. The results of studies conducted by Siwik-Ziomek and Szczepanek [44] and Niewiadomska et al [38] confirmed the diversified dynamics of microbiological changes occurring during the growing season in different weather conditions. It is noteworthy that when the water level in soil is adequate, plants secrete various organic compounds, such as amino acids, carbohydrates and carboxylic acids.…”

Effects of Straw-Return Method for the Maize–Rice Rotation System on Soil Properties and Crop Yields

“…Our results demonstrated that both maize and rice straw-return treatments (M i R i and M m R i ) significantly increased soil DOC and MBC (Table 3) in the 0-20 cm soil layer. This may be linked to the release of carbon and other organic compounds from the straw, thereby stimulating local microbial activity [46]. Therefore, the enzymes selected in the current study, i.e., urease, cellulase, invertase, and phosphatase, were significantly activated by straw application treatment in the 0-20 cm soil layer (Figure 4).…”