Soil acidification: comparison of acid deposition from the atmosphere with inputs from the litter/soil organic layer

Gower, Claire N.; Rowell, David; Nortcliff, Stephen; Wild, A.

doi:10.1016/0016-7061(94)00071-h

Cited by 16 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The moderate dierence in stem¯ow chemistry of H and SO 4 2À in comparison with throughfall at our site might be due to the low rates of SO 2 deposition at Steigerwald. In a relatively unpolluted site in southern England, Gower et al (1995) also found higher H , K and SO 4 2À concentration in stem¯ow, while the other elements had comparable concentrations in stem¯ow and throughfall. The dry deposition of gases and particles to branches and stem surfaces might be a major mechanism in¯uencing stem¯ow chemistry (Parker, 1983;Kazda, 1990).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

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The effect of beech stemflow on spatial patterns of soil solution chemistry and seepage fluxes in a mixed beech/oak stand

2000

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Abstract:Stem¯ow of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) represents a signi®cant input of water and elements to the soil and might in¯uence the spatial patterns and the rate of seepage¯uxes at the stand scale. We investigated the soil solution chemistry at dierent depths and distances from the stem and the element¯uxes with stem¯ow, throughfall and seepage in proximal and distal stem areas of a 130-year-old beech/oak forest in Steigerwald (northern Bavaria, Germany). The proximal stem area (in total 286 m 2 ha À1 ) was de®ned as a 1 m 2 , 60 cm deep cylinder around the beech stem. Seepage¯uxes were calculated by a soil hydrological model for 1996 using measured soil matrix potentials and tree xylem¯ow data for calibration. Stem¯ow represented 6 . 6% of the annual soil water input. With the exception of H ¯u xes, less than 10% of the total element¯uxes with throughfall and stem¯ow reached the soil via stem¯ow. The volume-weighted concentrations of H , K and SO 4 2À in stem¯ow were higher than those in throughfall, while other elements had similar concentrations. Soil solution K concentrations decreased with stem distance, but the Na , Mg 2 , Cl À and SO 4 2À concentrations increased. Gradients for other elements were not statistically signi®cant. Stem¯ow had a strong in¯uence on the spatial patterns of element¯uxes with seepage. The water¯uxes through the soil of the proximal stem areas at a depth of 60 cm contributed 13 . 5% to the total seepage at the stand scale. Proximal to the stems about 20% of total seepage for K , Mn 2 , Al n , dissolved organic N and dissolved organic C were concentrated, but only 8±10% for Na , Mg 2 and Ca 2 . The loss of acid-neutralizing capacity calculated from the¯ux balance was about four times higher proximal to the stems compared with distal areas, indicating high rates of soil acidi®cation proximal to the stems.Our results con®rm the concept of a microsite around beech stems, characterized by high element and water¯uxes in comparison with distal stem areas. Calculations of seepage¯uxes and element budgets in beech stands have to consider the spatial heterogeneity of¯uxes induced by stem¯ow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 56%

“…Stem¯ow might represent as much as 20% of the annual soil water input in forest ecosystems (Parker, 1983;Mahendrappa, 1990) and often has higher ion concentrations than throughfall (Parker, 1983;Gower et al, 1995). As a result, the input of elements to the soil via stem¯ow is signi®cant (Neary and Gizyn, 1994).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

The effect of beech stemflow on spatial patterns of soil solution chemistry and seepage fluxes in a mixed beech/oak stand

2000

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“…Stemflow, particularly in coniferous forests, has little importance on contribution to ion fluxes at the stand scale but is important at the scale of individual trees (Gower, Rowell, Nortcliff, & Wild, 1995;Ukonmaanaho, 2001). The SF volumes were very small, representing only 0.3% in Rucava and 0.4% in Taurene of the rainfall, and therefore it is not considered further in deposition calculations.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Precipitation intensity and chemical composition impact soil water chemical composition collected 1994199519971998200120032004 5 19945 19955 19965 19975 19985 19995 20005 20015 20025 20035 2004 below the soil organic layer (10 cm depth), which reacts most quickly to changes in precipitation chemical composition. The annual mean pH values of SW did not change significantly at Rucava and at Taurene during the monitoring period.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sulphate and Nitrate in Precipitation and Soil Water in Pine Forests in Latvia

Terauda

Nikodemus

2007

Water Air Soil Pollut: Focus

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The SO 4 -S and NO 3 -N concentrations and pH in bulk precipitation, throughfall, stemflow and soil water for the 1994-2004 period were studied in pine forests in Latvia (Rucava and Taurene Integrated Monitoring stations). The SO 4 -S and NO 3 -N concentrations decreased over the study period, simultaneously with a decrease of acidity in precipitation. The changes were more evident in the western part of Latvia, probably due to declining long-range air pollution from West Europe. The trend of decreasing sulphate concentrations and increasing pH in precipitation were not followed by respective changes in soil water. In the upper soil horizon sulphate ion concentrations and acidity increased in soil water. Over the observation period, nitrate concentrations also showed an increasing trend in soil water at Rucava and Taurene, but these changes were not statistically significant.

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“…As a result of acidic compounds (sulphur and nitrogen) set on the plant surface being washed off, the pH of precipitation in forests is lowered, which ultimately causes soil acidification (van Breemen et al 1982, Gower et al 1995, Walna et al 1999, Kvaalen et al 2002, Bochenek et al 2008 ) from the canopy, the plants neutralise the acidification present during precipitation, thus contributing to the lowering of their acidity ( Van Breemen et al 1982). Conifer stands modify the chemical properties of precipitation to a much higher degree (Gower et al 1995, Butler, Likens 1995, Shubzda et al 1995, Kozłowski et al 2012. The presence of needles during the whole year and a higher-reception surface area, as compared to leaves, contribute to an increase in the pollution inflow to the soil, despite the reduction of water inflow during the interception process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in the Physical Properties of Precipitation in Pine Stands in the Area with A Low Degree of Air Pollution (Western Pomerania)

Kruszyk

2013

Quaestiones Geographicae

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Abstract. The study presents the results of research conducted in the years 2010-2012 in pine stands in Western Pomerania. The research included physicochemical properties of bulk precipitation and throughfall. The results confirm that despite a decrease in the total throughfall in the interception process, the size of mineral and organic depositions in pine stands exceeded values recorded for bulk precipitation. 2-, NO 3 -). The share of leaching processes for K + was 74.1%, while for Mg 2+ 23.6% of the total load of these elements brought to the ground with throughfall. In the case of Ca 2+ no canopy leaching was observed for this element. The throughfall acidification processes were mostly caused by NO 3 -.

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Soil acidification: comparison of acid deposition from the atmosphere with inputs from the litter/soil organic layer

Cited by 16 publications

References 27 publications

The effect of beech stemflow on spatial patterns of soil solution chemistry and seepage fluxes in a mixed beech/oak stand

The effect of beech stemflow on spatial patterns of soil solution chemistry and seepage fluxes in a mixed beech/oak stand

Sulphate and Nitrate in Precipitation and Soil Water in Pine Forests in Latvia

Changes in the Physical Properties of Precipitation in Pine Stands in the Area with A Low Degree of Air Pollution (Western Pomerania)

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