Soft mechanochemically assisted synthesis of nano-sized LiCoO2 with a layered structure

Grigorova, E.; Mandzhukova, Ts.; Khristov, M.; Yoncheva, M.; Stoyanova, Р.; Zhecheva, E.

doi:10.1007/s10853-011-5407-x

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…16,[529][530][531][532] The soft mechanochemical processes mean that highly reactive functional groups are involved in the reactions the -OH group is by far the most important. 533 It was also shown that the reaction rate with close values of reaction heat is controlled by the hardness of reagents: the lower the hardness, i.e.…”

Section: Soft Mechanochemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

et al. 2013

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The aim of this review article on recent developments of mechanochemistry (nowadays established as a part of chemistry) is to provide a comprehensive overview of advances achieved in the field of atomistic processes, phase transformations, simple and multicomponent nanosystems and peculiarities of mechanochemical reactions. Industrial aspects with successful penetration into fields like materials engineering, heterogeneous catalysis and extractive metallurgy are also reviewed. The hallmarks of mechanochemistry include influencing reactivity of solids by the presence of solid-state defects, interphases and relaxation phenomena, enabling processes to take place under non-equilibrium conditions, creating a well-crystallized core of nanoparticles with disordered near-surface shell regions and performing simple dry time-convenient one-step syntheses. Underlying these hallmarks are technological consequences like preparing new nanomaterials with the desired properties or producing these materials in a reproducible way with high yield and under simple and easy operating conditions. The last but not least hallmark is enabling work under environmentally friendly and essentially waste-free conditions (822 references).

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Section: Soft Mechanochemical Reactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hallmarks of mechanochemistry: from nanoparticles to technology

et al. 2013

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“…A minimal heat input above 200°C can trigger enough concentration fluctuation for the nucleation of NMC (Zhu et al, 2012 ); however, the grain growth is negligible until the calcination temperature reaches the melting point of LiOH/Li 2 CO 3 . In the melts of Li precursors, the mass transportation is accelerated, and so is the crystal growth (Grigorova et al, 2011 ). When the calcination temperature reaches above 800°C (Zhu et al, 2012 ; Kong et al, 2019 ), the slight evaporation of Li 2 O can further facilitate the mass transport and results in significantly accelerated crystal growth since the homogeneous distribution of transition metal ions has usually been achieved by coprecipitation or milling, and the NMC lattice formation mostly relies on oxygen and lithium migration, whereas the phase and the composition of NMC would begin to change when calcined at 900–1,000°C due to vigorous lithium volatilization (Wang et al, 2017 ; Zhao et al, 2017 ).…”

Section: Growth Mechanism: General Considerations For Nmc Cathodementioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis and Manipulation of Single-Crystalline Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt Oxide Cathodes: A Review of Growth Mechanism

et al. 2020

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Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) cathodes are of great importance for the development of lithium ion batteries with high energy density. Currently, most commercially available NMC products are polycrystalline secondary particles, which are aggregated by anisotropic primary particles. Although the polycrystalline NMC particles have demonstrated large gravimetric capacity and good rate capabilities, the volumetric energy density, cycling stability as well as production adaptability are not satisfactory. Well-dispersed single-crystalline NMC is therefore proposed to be an alternative solution for further development of high-energy-density batteries. Various techniques have been explored to synthesize the single-crystalline NMC product, but the fundamental mechanisms behind these techniques are still fragmented and incoherent. In this manuscript, we start a journey from the fundamental crystal growth theory, compare the crystal growth of NMC among different techniques, and disclose the key factors governing the growth of single-crystalline NMC. We expect that the more generalized growth mechanism drawn from invaluable previous works could enhance the rational design and the synthesis of cathode materials with superior energy density.

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“…It is inferred that the particle size of LiCoO 2 powders may be one of the most importance factors for the electrode performance [8][9][10]. The main methods for the preparation of nanometer LiCoO 2 powders are liquid phase processing routes, such as the sol-gel method, the precipitation method, and the ionic liquid method.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During high-energy milling, the powder particles are repeatedly flattened, cold welded, fractured and rewelded [13]. Then, the perfect lattice of the precursor particles can be broken and a large number of lattice defects can be introduced which can remarkably reduce the reaction energy of solid state reaction and shorten the span of reaction time [9,[14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%