Sodium fluoride induces splenocyte autophagy via the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in growing mice

Kuang, Ping; Deng, Huidan; Liu, Huan; Cui, Hengmin; Fang, Jing; Zuo, Zhicai; Deng, Junliang; Li, Yinglun; Wang, Xun; Zhao, Ling

doi:10.18632/aging.101499

Cited by 21 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 51 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…It plays a key role in autophagosome formation and is an important autophagy initiation factor and indicator for measuring the levels of autophagy. [24][25][26] LC3 is targeted at the autophagosome membrane and is involved in the induction of autophagy. During autophagy, LC3I is modified via ubiquitin-like processing and bound to phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beclin‐1 is involved in numerous biological processes, including adaptive stress, development, endocytosis, immunity, tumorigenesis, aging, and cell death. It plays a key role in autophagosome formation and is an important autophagy initiation factor and indicator for measuring the levels of autophagy 24–26 . LC3 is targeted at the autophagosome membrane and is involved in the induction of autophagy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory body‐induced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide

Zhou

Wang

Jia

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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The pesticide 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) exerts neurotoxic effects; however, its action mechanism remains unclear. Here, we used BV2 cells as a model and divided them into six groups: control group (serum-free medium), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL), 2,4-D (1.2 μmol/mL), Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP; 300 μg/ mL LBP), LPS (1 μg/mL) + LBP (300 μg/mL), and 2,4-D (1.2 μmol/mL) + LBP (300 μg/mL) with dimethyl sulfoxide as the solvent. Our results showed that 2,4-D treatment decreased superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities and increased malondialdehyde content. The percentage of microglial activation (coexpression of ionized calcium-binding adaptor protein-1 + CD68) in the LPS and 2,4-D groups and the levels of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin (IL) 1 beta, IL-6, and IL-18 in the cell supernatant were increased. The protein and mRNA levels of Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and p62 increased, whereas those of LC3II/I and Beclin-1 decreased in the 2,4-D group. The protein expression and mRNA levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and p62 decreased significantly, whereas the protein expression and mRNA levels of LC3II/I and Beclin-1 increased in small interfering RNA of NLRP3-treated BV2 cells stimulated with 2,4-D and LPS. In conclusion, 2,4-D enhanced cell migration, promoted oxidative stress, induced excessive release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, promoted microglial cell activation, released inflammatory factors, activated NLRP3 inflammasomes, and inhibited autophagy.Meanwhile, LBP reduced inflammation and the release of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, inhibited NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and regulated autophagy, thereby playing a neuroprotective role.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory body‐induced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide

Zhou

Wang

Jia

et al. 2022

Environmental Toxicology

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show abstract

“…It also plays a key role in the formation of autophagosomes, is an important autophagy initiation factor, and an important indicator to measure the level of autophagy. [31][32][33] LC3 is targeted at the membrane of autophagosomes and is involved in the formation of autophagy. When autophagy occurs, LC3I is modified by ubiquitin-like processing and bound to phosphatidylethanolamine to form LC3II.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Beclin 1 is involved in a number of biological processes, including adaptive stress, development, endocytosis, immunity, tumorigenesis, aging, and cell death. It also plays a key role in the formation of autophagosomes, is an important autophagy initiation factor, and an important indicator to measure the level of autophagy 31–33 . LC3 is targeted at the membrane of autophagosomes and is involved in the formation of autophagy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy‐related proteins as well as the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in neonatal rats

Zhou¹,

Li²,

Wang³

et al. 2021

Environmental Toxicology

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The pesticide 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D) has neurotoxic effects, but its mechanism is not clear. In this study, a 2,4‐D (75 mg/kg. b.w) exposure model was established in SD rats with colostrum. Lipopolysaccharide (1 mg/kg b.w) was used as the positive control, and Lycium barbarum polysaccharide (LBP, 50 mg/kg b.w) was used as an intervention factor to explore the neurotoxic effect of 2,4‐D and the neuroprotective effect of LBP. Our research results show that 2,4‐D causes a decrease in the number of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal cells and pyknosis in nuclei with a triangular or irregular shape and that rats show signs of anxiety or depression. In rat serum, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase activity decreased, while malondialdehyde content increased. Protein and mRNA levels of TNFα, IL‐6, IL‐1β, IL‐18, NLRP3, ASC, caspase‐1, IL‐1β, IL‐18, and p62 increased, while those of LC3‐II/LC3‐I and Beclin‐1 decreased in hippocampal tissues. In conclusion, 2,4‐D increased the oxidative stress level, induced neuroinflammatory response, and decreased the autophagy level in experimental rats. LBP may have upregulated the autophagy level in the body by inhibiting the activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome, thus playing a neuroprotective role.

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“…no. ab183727; 1:150 dilution; Abcam), as previously described ( 44 ). The omission of primary antibodies was used as the negative control, and a brown color was considered as positive staining.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased expression of PSME2 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma invasion by regulating BNIP3‑mediated autophagy

Wang

Deng

et al. 2021

Int J Oncol

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Previous studies have showed that proteasome activator complex subunit 2 (PSME2) may play a role in some types of cancer. However, the involvement of PSME2 in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) remains unknown. The aim of the present study was to assess the poorly understood function of PSME2 expression in renal carcinoma. Using bioinformatics analysis, PSME2 mRNA expression profiles were investigated, along with its potential prognostic value and its functional enrichment. Signaling pathways and putative hub genes associated with PSME2 in ccRCC were identified. Based on the bioinformatics analysis results, immunohistochemistry of human ccRCC samples and renal carcinoma cell lines (CAKI-1 and 786-O) transfected with short interfering RNA targeting PSME2 were analyzed using western blot analysis, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, immunofluorescence, and Cell Counting Kit-8, Transwell and transmission electron microscope assays. The results showed that when PSME2 expression was knocked down, the invasive abilities of the tumor cell lines were reduced, while autophagy was enhanced. The present study demonstrated that PSME2 was associated with the invasion ability of ccRCC cell lines by inhibiting BNIP3-mediated autophagy. In summary, PSME2 could be used as a prognostic factor and a promising therapeutic target in ccRCC.

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Sodium fluoride induces splenocyte autophagy via the mammalian targets of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway in growing mice

Cited by 21 publications

References 51 publications

2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory body‐induced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide

2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid induces ROS activation in NLRP3 inflammatory body‐induced autophagy disorder in microglia and the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide

Effects of 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid on the expression of NLRP3 inflammasome and autophagy‐related proteins as well as the protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharide in neonatal rats

Increased expression of PSME2 is associated with clear cell renal cell carcinoma invasion by regulating BNIP3‑mediated autophagy

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