Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factor trends. The Minnesota Heart Survey.

Luepker, Russell V.; Rosamond, Wayne D.; Murphy, Robert J.; Sprafka, J. Michael; Folsom, Aaron R.; McGovern, Paul G.; Blackburn, Henry

doi:10.1161/01.cir.88.5.2172

Cited by 197 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is consistent with previous studies (16 -20) that reported more pronounced inverse associations between educational level and features of metabolic syndrome in women than in men. The reasons for this association might be related to the influence of education in predicting food choices (22,30 -33) and healthy behaviors (30,34), both of which are related to metabolic syndrome. Since education facilitates the understanding and acquisition of healthy lifestyles and since women are generally more health conscious than men, the combination of both factors might explain the greater protection against metabolic syndrome in educated women.…”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Income Is Associated With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Sex-Specific Manner

Dallongeville

Cottel²,

Ferrières³

et al. 2005

Diabetes Care

159

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OBJECTIVE -To assess the relationship between household income and metabolic syndrome in men and women.RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A total of 1,695 men and 1,664 women, aged 35-64 years, from three distinct geographical areas of France were investigated. Waist girth, plasma triglycerides, HDL cholesterol, glucose, and systolic blood pressure were used to define metabolic syndrome according to the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP)/ Adult Treatment Panel III (ATPIII) guidelines. Household income, educational level, occupational category, working status, consumption of psychotropic drugs, accommodation status, household composition, physical activity at work and during leisure time, alcohol consumption, and smoking habits were recorded with a standardized questionnaire.RESULTS -There were 390 (23.0%) men and 381 (16.9%) women who satisfied NCEP/ ATPIII criteria for metabolic syndrome. Household income (P Ͻ 0.0001) and consumption of psychotropic drugs (P ϭ 0.0005) were associated with metabolic syndrome in women but not in men. In contrast, educational level, occupational category, working status, and accommodation status were associated with metabolic syndrome in both men and women. After adjustment on lifestyle variables, household income (interaction P Ͻ 0.004) remained inversely associated with metabolic syndrome in women but not in men.CONCLUSIONS -These data suggest that limited household income, which reflects a complex unfavorable social and economic environment, may increase the risk of metabolic syndrome in a sex-specific manner. Diabetes Care 28:409 -415, 2005T he metabolic syndrome is characterized by the clustering of several metabolic disorders (1,2). The latter are influenced by nutritional habits and physical activity (3-6). Several working definitions have been proposed for metabolic syndrome (7), including increased body weight, insulin resistance, elevated plasma triglyceride levels, low HDL cholesterol, high blood pressure, and altered glucose homeostasis. These factors independently and in combination increase the risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes (8 -11).In the U.S., the prevalence of metabolic syndrome has been estimated to be 22.8 and 22.6% in men and women, respectively (12). The distribution of the syndrome varies among different categories of the population. Increasing evidence (13-21) indicates that social indicators and psychological factors are strongly associated with the risk of insulin resistance, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension, obesity, and metabolic syndrome. People from the lowest social categories are more likely to develop several metabolic disorders or metabolic syndrome. The mechanisms involved in these associations are not totally elucidated. Social factors, educational level, and economic indicators are strongly interrelated. These factors influence nutritional habits, physical activity, and healthy behaviors possibly affecting the clustering of metabolic disorders (22,23).Very little is known about the influence of household income on the risk of...

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Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Household Income Is Associated With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Sex-Specific Manner

Dallongeville

Cottel²,

Ferrières³

et al. 2005

Diabetes Care

159

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, after the middle of the 20th century this changed gradually, especially in Westernized countries, so that CVD is currently more common in lower socio-economic groups (6)(7)(8)(9) . Moreover, nowadays observational studies show that low SES individuals are associated with increased prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as hypertension, sedentary life, unhealthy dietary habits, cigarette smoking and high cholesterol (10)(11)(12)(13) . It has been hypothesized that dietary choices may be one of the many factors mediating the relationship between social class and CVD risk.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary habits mediate the relationship between socio-economic status and CVD factors among healthy adults: the ATTICA study

Panagiotakos

Pitsavos

Chrysοhoou

et al. 2008

Public Health Nutr.

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Background: The aims of the present work were to investigate whether dietary habits are associated with socio-economic status (SES), and if they modify the relationship between SES and CVD risk factors, in a sample of men and women free from known CVD.Methods: This population-based study was carried out in the province of Attica, where Athens is a major metropolis. During 2001-2002, information from 1528 men (18-87 years old) and 1514 women (18-89 years old) was collected (75 % participation rate). Among several sociodemographic, clinical and biological factors, adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed by a special diet score (Mediterranean Diet Score, MDS) that incorporated the inherent characteristics of this traditional diet. CVD risk factors were examined across the participants' educational level and annual income that defined their SES. Results: Low SES groups exhibited higher prevalence of CVD risk factors, such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolaemia (all P , 0?001). Low SES groups also showed less adherence to the Mediterranean diet than high SES groups (MDS: 23?6 (SD 8?1) v. 25?6 (SD 5?6), P , 0?001). Higher SES index was associated with lower likelihood of having hypercholesterolaemia (OR 5 0?91; 95 % CI 0?83, 1?00) and diabetes (OR 5 0?83; 95 % CI 0?72, 0?95), after adjusting for various potential confounders. However, the previously mentioned inverse relationship observed between SES and prevalence of CVD risk factors was mainly explained by the dietary habits of the participants. Conclusions: Low SES groups showed less adherence to the Mediterranean diet compared with high SES groups. This finding may, in part, explain the higher CVD risk factors profile observed among low SES participants.

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“…Previous studies such as the Minnesota Heart Survey and the ATTICA study have demonstrated that low socioeconomic status can increase CAD risk factors or can predict unhealthy risk patterns (23,24) . Along the same lines, our results show that the control group reported higher education levels and higher financial status when compared with CAD patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exclusive olive oil consumption has a protective effect on coronary artery disease; overview of the THISEAS study

Dimitriou¹,

Rallidis²,

Theodoraki³

et al. 2015

Public Health Nutr.

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Objective: The aims of the current report are to present the demographic characteristics, clinical characteristics/biochemical indices and lifestyle habits of the population and to explore the potential association of exclusive olive oil consumption, in relation to lifestyle factors, with coronary artery disease risk. Design: Demographic, lifestyle, dietary and biochemical variables were recorded. Logistic regression analysis was performed in order to estimate the relative risks of developing coronary artery disease.

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Socioeconomic status and coronary heart disease risk factor trends. The Minnesota Heart Survey.

Cited by 197 publications

References 30 publications

Household Income Is Associated With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Sex-Specific Manner

Household Income Is Associated With the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in a Sex-Specific Manner

Dietary habits mediate the relationship between socio-economic status and CVD factors among healthy adults: the ATTICA study

Exclusive olive oil consumption has a protective effect on coronary artery disease; overview of the THISEAS study

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