Socioeconomic position and the risk of preterm birth--a study within the Danish National Birth Cohort

Abstract

Maternal educational level was the strongest predictor of preterm birth among five socioeconomic measures and the gradient did not differ significantly according to the degree of preterm birth. For parous women smoking explained some of the educational gradient but in general the selected risk factors only reduced the relative educational gradient in preterm birth marginally.

Fatores associados ao nascimento pré-termo em Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil: um estudo caso-controle

“…A baixa renda familiar per capita não se mostrou associada aos nascimentos pré-termo, possivelmente devido às caracterís- Os resultados para as variáveis socioeconômicas em estudos realizados na América do Norte e na Europa mostraram, em sua maioria, maior risco para baixa condição socioeconômi-ca, principalmente medida pela renda ou escolaridade 1,17,18 . Por outro lado, em estudo realizado em Santiago, no Chile (América Latina), país com perfil socioeconômico mais próximo ao do Brasil, as magnitudes desses efeitos foram mais modestas.…”

The Relationship Between the Social Determinants of Health and Preterm Birth in Iran Based on the WHO Model: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…Several social factors influence preterm delivery, including biological and genetic factors, maternal or fetal medical conditions, history of preterm birth or stillborn babies, behavioral problems, smoking, low socioeconomic status, a multiple pregnancy, no maternal weight gain during pregnancy, drug abuse, inappropriate family planning, poor antenatal care, absence of the spouse, poor health behaviors, emotional stress, and environmental factors (8). One study showed that the risk of preterm birth is increased in women with a low socioeconomic status, especially those with a low level of education (19). The findings of some studies show that psychological problems during pregnancy are important predictors of gestational age at birth (20).…”

Stillbirth incidence in Spain: A comparison of native and recent immigrant mothers

“…Poor nutrition often results in maternal excess weight and obesity, with pregnancy complications being more common among overweight and obese women (Cnattingius and Stephansson 2002). In general, stillbirth rates rise with increasing cases of drug abuse (Aliyu et al 2007) and such abuse is more prevalent among less educated women (Olsen and Madsen 1999;Morgen et al 2008), those from lower social classes being more likely to continue these unhealthy habits during pregnancy (Stephansson et al 2001). The effect of nicotine on birth outcomes consists of shorter gestation periods, lower birth-weight, and intrauterine growth restriction (Högberg and Cnattingius 2007).…”