Social reactions to disclosure of interpersonal violence and psychopathology: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Dworkin, Emily R.; Brill, Charlotte D.; Ullman, Sarah E.

doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2019.101750

Cited by 146 publications

(254 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…This un-registered exploratory analysis was tested with a within-subjects design (Study 2). Consistent with our expectations, participants evaluated the narrators of sexual violence stories with negative endings (M = 2.82, SD = .50) as less likeable than the narrators of other types of trauma stories with negative endings (M = 2.92, SD = .45), F (1,228), p = .002, np 2 = .04.…”

Section: E6 Likeability Of Narrators Of Sexual (Versus Other) Types Osupporting

confidence: 79%

“…The majority of stigma research with interpersonal violence survivors has focused on survivors' internalized sense of shame and self-blame attached to their diminished status [2]. However, trauma researchers and clinicians have long been sensitive to how social reactions to survivor disclosures can constitute a mix of positive and negative reactions, the latter of which can constitute stigmatizing reactions and can have profound consequences for survivor well-being [1,[12][13][14]. For example, children and adults who disclose experiences of sexual assault are often met with stigmatizing reactions such as disbelief, victim blame, and shaming, such as implying that the survivor is "tainted" by the experience [2,15-19,20 p. 1746].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Who has to tell their trauma story and how hard will it be? Influence of cultural stigma and narrative redemption on the storying of sexual violence

et al. 2020

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Although survivors of sexual violence have shared their stories with the public on social media and mass media platforms in growing numbers, less is known about how general audiences perceive such trauma stories. These perceptions can have profound consequences for survivor mental health. In the present experimental, vignette-based studies, we anticipated that cultural stigma surrounding sexual violence and cultural preference for positive (redemptive) endings to adversity in the United States (U.S.) would shape perceptions. Four samples of U.S. adults (N = 1872) rated first-person narratives of 6 more stigmatizing (i.e., sexual violence) or less stigmatizing (e.g., natural disaster) traumatic events. Confirming pre-registered hypotheses, sexual violence trauma (versus other types of trauma) stories were perceived as more difficult to tell, and their storytellers less likeable, even when they had redemptive endings. Disconfirming other pre-registered hypotheses, redemptive (versus negative) story endings did not boost the perceived likelihood or obligation to share a sexual violence trauma story. Rather, redemptive (versus negative) story endings only boosted the perceived likelihood, obligation, and ease of telling other, less stigmatizing types of trauma stories. Findings suggest that sexual violence survivors do not benefit, to the same degree as other survivors, from telling their stories with the culturally valued narrative template of redemption. Clinical and societal implications of the less receptive climate for sexual violence stories are discussed.

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Section: E6 Likeability Of Narrators Of Sexual (Versus Other) Types Osupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Who has to tell their trauma story and how hard will it be? Influence of cultural stigma and narrative redemption on the storying of sexual violence

et al. 2020

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“…Survivors make very specific and strategic decisions about disclosures, and the vast majority prefer to disclose to informal support providers rather than formal reporting systems (Ullman, 2014). These decisions can be protective for survivors, as formal reporting systems frequently respond negatively to disclosures (e.g., doubting, blaming, controlling) and such responses can be detrimental for survivors’ mental health (Campbell, 2008; Dworkin et al., 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research finds that a key component to healing after sexual assault is regaining a sense of autonomy and control (Frazier, 2003; Walsh & Bruce, 2011; Zweig & Burt, 2007). Survivors experience greater psychopathology, such as posttraumatic stress and depression, when support providers try to control their decisions (Dworkin et al., 2019; Orchowski, Untied, & Gidycz, 2013; Peter‐Hagene & Ullman, 2014). Service providers were also concerned that the negative effects of mandatory reporting policies could have a more detrimental impact on students who are in vulnerable positions (e.g., first‐year students, LGBTQ students).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, if a sexual assault survivor does not want to initiate a report, the employee they disclosed to may be forced to make a report against the survivor's will. Controlling responses from support providers are associated with increased psychological distress and psychopathology (Dworkin, Brill, & Ullman, 2019). A mandatory reporting role is one of great consequence for employees and students alike, and deserves critical examination.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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“The Fear is Palpable”: Service Providers’ Perceptions of Mandatory Reporting Policies for Sexual Assault in Higher Education

Holland

Cipriano

Huit

2019

Anal Soc Iss & Public Policy

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In many universities/colleges, employees are required to report students' sexual assault disclosures to university officials, even if the student does not want to make a report. These "mandatory reporting" policies have been shaped by federal mandates and guidelines, including Title IX. There is a notable lack of research on the implementation and effectiveness of these policies. The current study examined formal service providers' beliefs about university mandatory reporting policies and perceptions of three specific policy approaches (universal mandatory reporting, selective mandatory reporting, and student-directed mandatory reporting). Focus groups were conducted with 12 service providers and these qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants had strong reservations about mandatory reporting policies, particularly universal approaches that designate all employees as reporters. Although they believed mandatory reporting may have been implemented with good intentions, they discussed how such policies may harm both survivors and employees. Lack of transparency and training in the implementation of mandatory reporting policies can create a climate of fear on campus, where neither survivors nor employees feel comfortable discussing sexual assault. Findings suggest the need for more empirically informed approaches to mandatory reporting of sexual assault in higher education and more comprehensive training for employees and students. What happens when a college student tells a university employee that they have experienced sexual assault? In many institutions, that employee would be

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PROTOCOL: Informal social support interventions for improving outcomes for victim‐survivors of domestic violence and abuse: An evidence and gap map

Bird

Stokes²,

Rivas

et al. 2022

Campbell Systematic Reviews

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This is the protocol for a Campbell Evidence Gap Map. The main objectives of the EGM are: establish the nature and extent of the primary empirical evidence on informal social support interventions, identify interventions and clusters of evidence suitable for systematic review/evidence synthesis and identify gaps in the evidence on informal social support interventions. 1 | BACKGROUND 1.1 | The problem, condition or issue Data from around the world have highlighted that the Covid-19 pandemic has intensified domestic violence and abuse (DVA), especially against women and girls (UN Women, 2020). Covid mitigation policies have increased women's vulnerability to DVA through stay-at-home mandates alongside wider barriers that impede access to their usual community resources and health care services (Nordhues et al., 2021). During this time, policing, health and frontline services have faced a number of challenges in seeking to identify and support individuals who are/have been experiencing violence and abuse in an intimate relationship. Anecdotal evidence suggests that such victim-survivors have been less able and/or willing to seek help from traditional first responders (Peterman et al., 2020) whilst more informal sources of support have faced increased demands. Within the UK, Refuge (domestic abuse organisation) saw a 700% increase in the number of visits to their Helpline website during the first

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Social reactions to disclosure of interpersonal violence and psychopathology: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 146 publications

References 79 publications

Who has to tell their trauma story and how hard will it be? Influence of cultural stigma and narrative redemption on the storying of sexual violence

Who has to tell their trauma story and how hard will it be? Influence of cultural stigma and narrative redemption on the storying of sexual violence

“The Fear is Palpable”: Service Providers’ Perceptions of Mandatory Reporting Policies for Sexual Assault in Higher Education

PROTOCOL: Informal social support interventions for improving outcomes for victim‐survivors of domestic violence and abuse: An evidence and gap map

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