Social organization and aggression within small groups of female siamese fighting fish, betta splendens

Biochemical costs of a three day long cohabitation in dominant and submissive maleBetta splendens

“…The frequency of the above-mentioned behavioral acts was recorded twice a day (at 10 A.M. and at 3 P.M.); a recording session lasted 15 minutes. Previous experience and literature data [Elwood and Rainey, 1983;Nelissen, 1985) showed that this recording time results in data representative of behavior in the given period of the day.…”

Biochemical costs of a three day long cohabitation in dominant and submissive maleBetta splendens

“…The frequency of the above-mentioned behavioral acts was recorded twice a day (at 10 A.M. and at 3 P.M.); a recording session lasted 15 minutes. Previous experience and literature data [Elwood and Rainey, 1983;Nelissen, 1985) showed that this recording time results in data representative of behavior in the given period of the day.…”

Who's Watching Me: Female Siamese Fighting Fish Alter Their Interactions in Response to an Audience

“…Indeed, the escalation of interactions in the presence of a female audience found in the present study may be a by-product of the intense artificial selection for aggression in males in this species. Alternatively, the increases in interactant-directed behaviors in the presence of another female may function in the establishment of social hierarchies or shoaling position determination as female Siamese fighting fish are known to shoal (Blakeslee et al 2009) and form dominance hierarchies (Braddock & Braddock 1955;Elwood & Rainey 1983). Additional studies are needed to determine whether these female-female interactions are agonistic encounters or serve some other function as this distinction may aid in understanding why a female audience has the greatest influence on these interactions.…”

Social isolation, aggression, and dominance in attacks in juvenile angelfish,Pterophyllum scalare

“…The procedure for studying dominance in attacks was similar in part to that of Elwood and Rainey [1983], although an index of attacks was calculated initially for each fish, dividing the number of attacks given by the number of attacks given plus the number of attacks received [e.g., Barlow and Ballin, 1976;Winberg et al, 19911. Each fish was then allocated a rank based on this index of attacks; the closer the index to 1, the higher the rank assigned to the fish.…”

Biochemical costs of a three day long cohabitation in dominant and submissive maleBetta splendens

“…The frequency of the above-mentioned behavioral acts was recorded twice a day (at 10 A.M. and at 3 P.M.); a recording session lasted 15 minutes. Previous experience and literature data [Elwood and Rainey, 1983;Nelissen, 1985) showed that this recording time results in data representative of behavior in the given period of the day.…”

Who's Watching Me: Female Siamese Fighting Fish Alter Their Interactions in Response to an Audience

“…Indeed, the escalation of interactions in the presence of a female audience found in the present study may be a by-product of the intense artificial selection for aggression in males in this species. Alternatively, the increases in interactant-directed behaviors in the presence of another female may function in the establishment of social hierarchies or shoaling position determination as female Siamese fighting fish are known to shoal (Blakeslee et al 2009) and form dominance hierarchies (Braddock & Braddock 1955;Elwood & Rainey 1983). Additional studies are needed to determine whether these female-female interactions are agonistic encounters or serve some other function as this distinction may aid in understanding why a female audience has the greatest influence on these interactions.…”

Social isolation, aggression, and dominance in attacks in juvenile angelfish,Pterophyllum scalare

“…The procedure for studying dominance in attacks was similar in part to that of Elwood and Rainey [1983], although an index of attacks was calculated initially for each fish, dividing the number of attacks given by the number of attacks given plus the number of attacks received [e.g., Barlow and Ballin, 1976;Winberg et al, 19911. Each fish was then allocated a rank based on this index of attacks; the closer the index to 1, the higher the rank assigned to the fish.…”

Biochemical costs of a three day long cohabitation in dominant and submissive maleBetta splendens

“…The frequency of the above-mentioned behavioral acts was recorded twice a day (at 10 A.M. and at 3 P.M.); a recording session lasted 15 minutes. Previous experience and literature data [Elwood and Rainey, 1983;Nelissen, 1985) showed that this recording time results in data representative of behavior in the given period of the day.…”

Who's Watching Me: Female Siamese Fighting Fish Alter Their Interactions in Response to an Audience

“…Indeed, the escalation of interactions in the presence of a female audience found in the present study may be a by-product of the intense artificial selection for aggression in males in this species. Alternatively, the increases in interactant-directed behaviors in the presence of another female may function in the establishment of social hierarchies or shoaling position determination as female Siamese fighting fish are known to shoal (Blakeslee et al 2009) and form dominance hierarchies (Braddock & Braddock 1955;Elwood & Rainey 1983). Additional studies are needed to determine whether these female-female interactions are agonistic encounters or serve some other function as this distinction may aid in understanding why a female audience has the greatest influence on these interactions.…”

Social isolation, aggression, and dominance in attacks in juvenile angelfish,Pterophyllum scalare

“…The procedure for studying dominance in attacks was similar in part to that of Elwood and Rainey [1983], although an index of attacks was calculated initially for each fish, dividing the number of attacks given by the number of attacks given plus the number of attacks received [e.g., Barlow and Ballin, 1976;Winberg et al, 19911. Each fish was then allocated a rank based on this index of attacks; the closer the index to 1, the higher the rank assigned to the fish.…”