Social inequality in fetal growth: a comparative study of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the period 1981-2000

Mortensen, Laust Hvas; Diderichsen, Finn; Arntzen, Annett; Gissler, Mika; Cnattingius, Sven; Schnor, Ole; Smith, George Davey; Andersen, Anne‐Marie Nybo

doi:10.1136/jech.2007.061473

Cited by 75 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…50,52 SGA infants like those studied by Barker are 1 class of LBW infants. SES affects factors such as prenatal nutrition, 53 and maternal (G1) health behaviors such that infants born to disadvantaged mothers are at increased health risk for LBW.…”

Section: Lbwmentioning

confidence: 80%

Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach

2016

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Health disparities in the United States related to socioeconomic status are persistent and pervasive. This review highlights how social disadvantage, particularly low socioeconomic status and the health burden it brings, is passed from 1 generation to the next. First, we review current frameworks for understanding the intergenerational transmission of health disparities and provide 4 illustrative examples relevant to child health, development, and well-being. Second, the leading strategy to break the cycle of poverty in young families in the United States, the 2-generation approach, is reviewed. Finally, we propose a new 3-generation approach that must combine with the 2-generation approach to interrupt the intergenerational cycle of disadvantage and eliminate health disparities.

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Section: Lbwmentioning

confidence: 80%

Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach

2016

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“…Among them, maternal age has been considered to represent the mother's level of preparation for childbearing from biological, social, and psychological perspectives. 1,2 Recently, it has been established that mothers with lower educational level, 3 those belonging to a less-privileged social class, 4 and those with lower incomes 5 are at higher risk of having babies with low birth weight, or who are premature or small for their gestational age. At the contextual level, recent studies have found that more disadvantaged neighborhoods, measured in terms of poverty, 6 unemployment, 7 income, 8 compound deprivation index, 9 or violent crime rate, 10 have higher prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes; also, mothers residing in such neighborhoods have higher individual risk of presenting an adverse pregnancy outcome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neighborhood Inequalities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in an Urban Setting in Spain: A Multilevel Approach

et al. 2012

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The aim of the present study was to describe socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight (LBW), premature birth (PM) and small size for gestational age at birth (SGA) between 2000 and 2005 in Barcelona, Spain, jointly evaluating the effect of mother's country of origin, and neighborhood of residence socioeconomic level measured using unemployment and educational level. We performed a cross-sectional study of births to mothers aged 12-49 years who were residents in the city of Barcelona in 2000-2005, analyzing adverse pregnancy outcomes (n=61,676). Weighted multilevel logistic regression models were fitted with individual data on level 1 and neighborhood data on level 2, to obtain adjusted odds ratios (aOR) with 95% confidence intervals and residual variance. Individually, pregnancy outcomes are more favorable in births to older mothers and to mothers from Maghrib and Central and South America than from developed countries (including Spain) or from other developing countries. After adjusting for individual variables, poor pregnancy outcomes were associated with poor neighborhoods (more unemployment was associated to LBW: aOR =1.56; PM aOR = 1.51; SGA aOR =1.66). The same trend was observed for associations with illiteracy rate. The present study shows that there are socioeconomic inequalities in adverse pregnancy outcomes in the city of Barcelona. One of the main challenges in perinatal health continues to be the reduction of adverse pregnancy outcomes in the city.

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“…Furthermore, a recent study from Scandinavia that pooled data from four countries and included 4 million women revealed a clear gradient between educational status and SGA births. Denmark, which has the highest population of low SES women, had the steepest gradient, followed by Norway, Sweden, and Finland [21]. In the U.S., data from the National Maternal and Infant Health Survey demonstrated that low educational and occupational status, especially among white mothers and fathers, and African American fathers, were significantly associated with SGA [6].…”

Section: 9%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Risks of small-for-gestational-age births in immigrants: A nationwide epidemiological study in Sweden

Sundquist

2012

Scand J Public Health

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Aim: To examine if there is an association between country of birth in parents and small-for-gestational-age (defined as a birthweight of more than two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean) in first singletons births. Methods: In this follow-up study, national population and healthcare registers were used to identify small-for-gestational-age births in all first singleton births in Sweden between 1 January 1982 and 31 December 2006. Odds ratios, standardised with regard to maternal age at birth, period of birth, marital status, family income, geographical region, employment, maternal height, and smoking history, were estimated by maternal and paternal country of birth. Singletons with both parents born in Sweden were used as reference group. Results: There were 1,060,467 records for first singletons births over the study period, of whom 3.5% were small-for-gestational-age. The rate was higher in newborns with non-Swedish born than in those with Swedish born mothers (4.1 and 3.3%, respectively). Immigrants from Southern European countries, Africa, and Asia had higher risks of small-for-gestational-age in than those in the reference group, and the risks were even higher in compatriot parents. Conclusions: Country of birth affected the risk of small-for-gestational-age. Maternity care should pay a special attention to pregnancies in certain population groups.

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Social inequality in fetal growth: a comparative study of Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden in the period 1981-2000

Cited by 75 publications

References 40 publications

Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach

Breaking the Intergenerational Cycle of Disadvantage: The Three Generation Approach

Neighborhood Inequalities in Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes in an Urban Setting in Spain: A Multilevel Approach

Risks of small-for-gestational-age births in immigrants: A nationwide epidemiological study in Sweden

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