Social force model for pedestrian dynamics

Abstract

It is suggested that the motion of pedestrians can be described as if they would be subject to 'social forces'. These 'forces' are not directly exerted by the pedestrians' personal environment, but they are a measure for the internal motivations of the individuals to perform certain actions (movements). The corresponding force concept is discussed in more detail and can be also applied to the description of other behaviors.

Equivalent Spectral Model for Pedestrian-Induced Forces on Footbridges: A Generalized Formulation

“…At the same time, different microstructure methods for numerical simulation of pedestrian dynamics became an increasingly used instrument in order to study bi-directional streams (e.g. [16]- [18]). …”

“…The simulations are based on suitable models of pedestrian dynamics (e.g., [16]- [18]), representing the correlation among the forces exerted by each single pedestrian (e.g. [19]).…”

Simulating dynamical features of escape panic

“…Our computer simulations of the crowd dynamics of pedestrians are based on a generalised force model, 15 which is particularly suited to describe the fatal build up of pressure observed during panics. 2−4,5 We assume a mixture of socio-psychological 16 and physical forces influencing the behaviour in a crowd: Each of N pedestrians i of mass m i likes to move with a certain desired speed v 0 i into a certain direction e 0 i , and therefore tends to correspondingly adapt his or her actual velocity v i with a certain characteristic time τ i . Simultaneously, he or she tries to keep a velocity-dependent distance to other pedestrians j and walls W .…”

Modelling shared space users via rule-based social force model

“…These models reproduce successfully a large set of collective phenomena involving pedestrians such as lane formation (Helbing & Molnar, 1995;Yu, et al, 2005), oscillations at bottle-necks (Helbing & Molnar, 1995), faster-is-slower effects (Parisi & Dorso, 2007;Helbing, et al, 2000;Lakoba, et al, 2005) and clogging at exit doors (Yu, et al, 2005). Different force-based models have mathematically formulated a more realistic behaviour by modifying the SFM by Helbing and Molnar (1995). The parameters used in these models can be interpreted and their range of values can be measured by comparing real data (Lakoba, et al, 2005).…”