Social anxiety and interpersonal perception: a social relations model analysis

Christensen, P. Niels; Stein, Murray B.; Means-Christensen, Adrienne J.

doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(03)00064-0

Cited by 87 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…But this accuracy mostly reflects the fact that we project our self-theories onto other people, and not because we are good at reading what other people really think about us. (Wilson, 2002, p. 196) These conclusions are based on evidence that self-and metaperceptions are highly correlated and that meta-perceptions are more strongly correlated with self-perceptions than they are with others' perceptions (e.g., Campbell & Fehr, 1990;Christensen, Stein, & Means-Christensen, 2003;Kenny, 1994;Malloy, Albright, Diaz-Loving, Dong, & Lee, 2004;Malloy et al, 1997;Preuss & Alicke, 2009;Shrauger & Schoeneman, 1979). Thus, meta-perceptions may be so heavily influenced by self-perceptions that people do not make a distinction between their beliefs about how others see them and their beliefs about themselves.…”

Section: Are Meta-perceptions Distinct From Self-perceptions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-insight: Do people really know how others see them?

Carlson

Vazire

Furr

2011

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

136

155

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Although people can accurately guess how others see them, many studies have suggested that this may only be because people generally assume that others see them as they see themselves. These findings raise the question: In their everyday lives, do people understand the distinction between how they see their own personality and how others see their personality? We examined whether people make this distinction, or whether people possess what we call meta-insight. In 3 studies, we assessed meta-insight for a broad range of traits (e.g., Big Five, intelligent, funny) across several naturalistic social contexts (e.g., first impression, friends). Our findings suggest that people can make valid distinctions between how they see themselves and how others see them. Thus, people seem to have some genuine insight into their reputation and do not achieve meta-accuracy only by capitalizing on the fact that others see them similarly to how they see themselves.Keywords: meta-perception, interpersonal perception, personality I've always known that there's more going on inside me than finds its way into the world, but this is probably true of everyone. Who doesn't regret that he isn't more fully understood?-Richard Russo, Bridge of Sighs Like Richard Russo's character, many people have likely had the experience of feeling that others do not see them the way they see themselves. People's beliefs about how others see them, called meta-perceptions, guide their behavior and affect their relationships. Given the significance of these beliefs, an important issue is whether meta-perceptions are accurate, or whether people achieve meta-accuracy (Kenny, 1994). Although there are several ways to conceptualize and measure meta-accuracy, overall it appears that people do have some insight into the personality impressions they make on others (e.g., Carlson & Furr, 2009; Carlson & Kenny, in press;Levesque, 1997;Malloy, Albright, Kenny, Agatstein, & Winquist, 1997). Intuitively, such findings suggest that people are capable of perspective taking or even mind reading. However, there is convincing evidence that instead of picking up on cues from others, people base their meta-perceptions primarily on their self-perceptions (e.g., Chambers, Epley, Savitsky, & Windschitl, 2008;Kaplan, Santuzzi, & Ruscher, 2009;Kenny & DePaulo, 1993;Shrauger & Schoeneman, 1979). In other words, metaaccuracy can be achieved without ever looking outside of the self. Such findings raise the question, Do people know the difference between how they see themselves and how others see them?The goal of the present research was to investigate whether people understand the distinction between how they see their own personality and how others see their personality, a new form of self-knowledge we call meta-insight. Specifically, meta-insight reflects the relationship between the beliefs people have about the impressions they make on others (i.e., their meta-perceptions) and others' actual impressions, independent of how people see themselves. To our knowledge, no study has sy...

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Section: Are Meta-perceptions Distinct From Self-perceptions?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Meta-insight: Do people really know how others see them?

Carlson

Vazire

Furr

2011

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

136

155

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“…Quanto aos métodos de pesquisa empregados nos estudos incluídos nesta categoria, observou-se uma predominância de estudos de corte transversal (Alden & Mellings, 2004;Baker & Edelmann, 2002;Bögels, Rijsemus & De Jong, 2002;Christensen, Stein & Means-Christensen, 2003;Horley, Williams, Gonsalvez & Gordon, 2003;Sheffer, Penn & Cassisi, 2001;Stopa & Clark, 2000;Thompson & Rapee, 2002;Wenzel, Graff-Dolezal, Macho & Brendle, 2005) e apenas um estudo longitudinal (Strahan, 2003).…”

Section: Caracterização Do Repertório De Habilidades Sociaisunclassified

Fobia social e habilidades sociais: uma revisão da literatura

Angélico

Crippa

Loureiro³

2006

Inter. Psicol.

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RESUMOObjetivou-se identificar nos indexadores Medline, PsycINFO, Lilacs e Scielo, no período de 2000 a 2005, estudos empíricos que abordem a fobia social e suas associações às habilidades sociais, visando a análise crítica das metodologias empregadas nesses estudos. Identificou-se 16 artigos, agrupados para análise em duas categorias: Modalidades Terapêuticas -Aplicação e Comparação de Intervenções Clínicas (N = 6), e Caracterização do Repertório de Habilidades Sociais (N = 10). Os estudos que compararam abordagens terapêuticas constataram a maior eficiência do treinamento em habilidades sociais (THS) para o desenvolvimento de repertório social mais competente, em comparação com a terapia cognitivo-comportamental. Os estudos de caracterização de perfis (10), relataram que os pacientes com fobia social apresentaram habilidades sociais mais deficitárias, apontando para o benefício potencial da participação em programas de THS. A análise crítica dos delineamentos apontou para a necessidade de novos estudos com amostras clínicas e não-clínicas, com alocação randômica dos participantes, com diagnóstico preciso e proposição de tarefas de interação contextualizadas, de modo a respaldar a generalização quanto à associação das habilidades sociais e fobia social, e evidenciar a funcionalidade e o processo pelo qual a ansiedade interfere no desempenho social.Palavras-chave: fobia social; ansiedade social; habilidades sociais. ABSTRACT Social phobia and social skills: a literature reviewThis study aimed to identify in the indexers Medline, PsycINFO, Lilacs and Scielo, in the period between 2000 and 2005, empirical studies that investigated social phobia in relation to social skills, followed by a critical analysis of the methodologies used by the studies listed. Sixteen papers were identified and grouped in two categories: Therapeutic Modalities -Application and Comparison of Clinical Interventions (N=6) and Characterization of the Social Skills Repertoire (N = 10). The studies that compared therapeutic approaches evidenced the higher efficiency of the Social Skills Training (SST), for the development of more competent social repertoire, compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy. The studies of profile characterization (10) reported that the patients with social phobia presented a social skills deficit, suggesting the potential benefit of participation in social skills training programs. The critical analysis of the researches design pointed to the need of new studies with clinical and non-clinical samples, with random allocation of participants, precise diagnosis, and proposition of contextualized interaction tasks, in order to support the generalization of findings related to the association between the social skills and social phobia, and to demonstrate the functionality and process by which anxiety interferes with social performance.

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“…Indeed, when the aim is to study actual parenting behavior, retrospective reports suffer from a number of limitations; most importantly recall bias and the tendency to ''explain'' current problems from past experiences (see also Hardt & Rutter, 2004). There is evidence that perceptions of socially anxious individuals are affected by information processing biases (e.g., Christensen, Stein, & Means-Christensen, 2003;Voncken, Alden, & Bögels, 2006). Thus, retrospective reports on parenting reflect selective memories of (biased) perceptions as well as actual parenting behavior.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rearing histories of individuals with and without social anxiety who become first time parents

Majdandžić¹,

Vente²,

Bögels³

2010

Anxiety, Stress & Coping

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The effect of rearing history on future parents' social anxiety was studied by means of retrospective reports. The research sample consisted of 121 couples who were expecting their first child. Social anxiety was assessed both as a continuous trait using the Short Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory, and as a disorder using the Anxiety Disorder Interview Schedule. Men and women rated their father's and mother's encouragement of autonomy (versus overprotection) and acceptance (versus rejection) on the Mother-Father-Peer Inventory. Analyses taking into account within-couple dependency indicated that there were no differences between men and women in the relation between rearing history and social anxiety. Results showed that participants who rated their mother higher on rejection, and those rating their father higher on overprotection, scored higher on self-reported social anxiety. Perceived lower encouragement of autonomy by mothers predicted social anxiety disorder (SAD) but not other non-social anxiety disorders, whereas perceived lower encouragement of autonomy by fathers predicted other anxiety disorders, but not SAD. It is concluded that mothers and fathers may play different roles in the etiology of anxiety.

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Social anxiety and interpersonal perception: a social relations model analysis

Cited by 87 publications

References 29 publications

Meta-insight: Do people really know how others see them?

Meta-insight: Do people really know how others see them?

Fobia social e habilidades sociais: uma revisão da literatura

Rearing histories of individuals with and without social anxiety who become first time parents

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