SO<sub>2</sub> depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes

McGonigle, Andrew J. S.; Delmelle, Pierre; Oppenheimer, Clive; Tsanev, V.; Delfosse, Thomas; Williams‐Jones, Glyn; Horton, Kyle G.; Mather, Tamsin A.

doi:10.1029/2004gl019990

Cited by 72 publications

(65 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Masaya volcano, Nicaragua). Based on studies by McGonigle et al (2004) this is not the case (see 4.4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SO 2 loss rates ranging from 10 -7 (e.g., Mount St. Helens) to 10 -3 (e.g., Soufrière Hills) s -1 have been estimated for tropospheric volcanic plumes at various altitudes (e.g., Martin et al, 1986;Oppenheimer et al, 1998;McGonigle et al, 2004). The loss rates were estimated using a number of different techniques (ground and satellite-based), including the correlation spectrometer (COSPEC), UV spectrometers, photometry, the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer, and filters (e.g., Martin et al, 1986;Oppenheimer et al, 1998;McGonigle et al, 2004). Each technique has advantages and disadvantages, and the results may not be comparable directly, however, this also justifies the need to determine more accurately the range in SO 2 loss rates in volcanic plumes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent studies have shown variation on the order of at least two orders of magnitude for volcanoes with similar conditions (e.g., meteorological, SO 2 emission rates): Soufrière Hills volcano (SHV) and Masaya volcano, Nicaragua. Very fast loss rates (~10 -3 s -1 , e-folding times ~17 minutes) were calculated by Oppenheimer et al (1998) at SHV in 1996 (using a COSPEC), while McGonigle et al (2004) determined very slow to negligible loss (~10 -5 s -1 , e-folding times ~28 hours) at Masaya in 2003 (using UV spectrometers).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

Rodríguez

Watson

Edmonds

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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Abstract. To improve interpretation of volcanic SO 2 flux data, it is necessary to quantify and understand reactions involving SO 2 in volcanic plumes. SO 2 is lost in volcanic plumes through a number of mechanisms. Here we report SO 2 measurements made with miniature ultraviolet spectrometers at Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat; a low altitude volcano (~1000 m above sea level) whose plume entrains humid marine air in the planetary boundary layer. Traverses very near (<400 m) beneath the ash-free plume were made at various distances from the source (from ~2 km to ~16 km), thereby spanning plume ages of about 6 to 35 minutes with minimal attenuation. We find average SO 2 loss rates of ~10 -4 s -1 (e-folding time of ~2.78 hours), slightly lower than estimated previously for Soufrière Hills. These are in the fast end of the range of loss rates measured at other volcanoes (10 -3 -10 -7 s -1 , e-folding times of 0.28-2778 hr), indicating that Montserrat plumes have short SO 2 lifetimes. This work is more detailed and precise than previous work and is likely to represent the general case at Montserrat. SO 2 flux measurements made >2 km downwind from Soufrière Hills volcano significantly underestimate atsource SO 2 emission rates, on the order of 70-146%, when not accounting for the decay rate. Similar SO 2 loss is likely to occur in plumes from other tropical low altitude volcanoes under conditions of high relative humidity (~20% of active volcanoes worldwide). These results suggest that the global volcanic SO 2 emission rate may be underestimated as the estimates are based on measurements taken downwind of volcanoes, by which time significant loss of SO 2 may have taken place. The loss rates calculated here could be used, in conjunction with downwind SO 2 fluxes, to estimate atsource SO 2 emission rates from volcanoes with similar environmental conditions to those at Soufrière Hills volcano.3

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“…Masaya volcano, Nicaragua). Based on studies by McGonigle et al (2004) this is not the case (see 4.4).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

Rodríguez

Watson

Edmonds

et al. 2008

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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“…In addition these samples were collected close to the eruption which implicates short time for conversion of SO 2 into sulphate aerosol. However the residence time of SO 2 in the troposphere where these samples were collected are considerably shorter than in the stratosphere, only hours to few days (McGonigle et al, 2004;Carn et al, 2011), leading to rapid conversion into sulphate aerosol. These samples should therefore not follow the same decay as those collected at higher altitudes.…”

Section: Sulphur Dioxide Conversion Rate In Volcanic Cloudsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

et al. 2013

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Large volcanic eruptions impact significantly on climate and lead to ozone depletion due to injection of particles and gases into the stratosphere where their residence times are long. In this the composition of volcanic aerosol is an important but inadequately studied factor. Samples of volcanically influenced aerosol were collected following the Kasatochi (Alaska), Sarychev (Russia) and also during the Eyjafjallajökull (Iceland) eruptions in the period 2008–2010. Sampling was conducted by the CARIBIC platform during regular flights at an altitude of 10–12 km as well as during dedicated flights through the volcanic clouds from the eruption of Eyjafjallajökull in spring 2010. Elemental concentrations of the collected aerosol were obtained by accelerator-based analysis. Aerosol from the Eyjafjallajökull volcanic clouds was identified by high concentrations of sulphur and elements pointing to crustal origin, and confirmed by trajectory analysis. Signatures of volcanic influence were also used to detect volcanic aerosol in stratospheric samples collected following the Sarychev and Kasatochi eruptions. In total it was possible to identify 17 relevant samples collected between 1 and more than 100 days following the eruptions studied. The volcanically influenced aerosol mainly consisted of ash, sulphate and included a carbonaceous component. Samples collected in the volcanic cloud from Eyjafjallajökull were dominated by the ash and sulphate component (&sim;45% each) while samples collected in the tropopause region and LMS mainly consisted of sulphate (50–77%) and carbon (21–43%). These fractions were increasing/decreasing with the age of the aerosol. Because of the long observation period, it was possible to analyze the evolution of the relationship between the ash and sulphate components of the volcanic aerosol. From this analysis the residence time (1/e) of sulphur dioxide in the studied volcanic cloud was estimated to be 45 ± 22 days

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“…[30] In tropospheric volcanic plumes, the loss of sulphur dioxide via reaction with OH and/or uptake into particles is slow, at least in the early plume stages and under ash-free conditions [e.g., McGonigle et al, 2004]. Therefore the evolution of SO 2 concentration is dominated by dilution, and the ratio of other species to SO 2 enables us to separate changes caused by chemical processes and dilution.…”

Section: Investigation Of Spatial Bro Distribution In Volcanic Plumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes

Bobrowski¹,

Glasow²,

Aiuppa³

et al. 2007

J. Geophys. Res.

151

173

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[1] Bromine monoxide (BrO) and sulphur dioxide (SO 2 ) abundances as a function of the distance from the source were measured by ground-based scattered light Multiaxis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) in the volcanic plumes of Mt. Etna on Sicily, Italy, in August-October 2004 and May 2005 and Villarica in Chile in November 2004. BrO and SO 2 spatial distributions in a cross section of Mt. Etna's plume were also determined by Imaging DOAS. We observed an increase in the BrO/SO 2 ratio in the plume from below the detection limit near the vent to about 4.5 Â 10 À4 at 19 km (Mt. Etna) and to about 1.3 Â 10 À4 at 3 km (Villarica) distance, respectively. Additional attempts were undertaken to evaluate the compositions of individual vents on Mt. Etna. Furthermore, we detected the halogen species ClO and OClO. This is the first time that OClO could be detected in a volcanic plume. Using calculated thermodynamic equilibrium compositions as input data for a one-dimensional photochemical model, we could reproduce the observed BrO and SO 2 vertical columns in the plume and their ratio as function of distance from the volcano as well as vertical BrO and SO 2 profiles across the plume with current knowledge of multiphase halogen chemistry, but only when we assumed the existence of an ''effective source region,'' where volcanic volatiles and ambient air are mixed at about 600°C (in the proportions of 60% and 40%, respectively).

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SO₂ depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes

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SO2 depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes

Cited by 72 publications

References 21 publications

SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

SO2 loss rates in the plume emitted by Soufrière Hills volcano, Montserrat

Composition and evolution of volcanic aerosol from eruptions of Kasatochi, Sarychev and Eyjafjallajökull in 2008–2010 based on CARIBIC observations

Reactive halogen chemistry in volcanic plumes

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SO₂ depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes