Sniffing and motivated behavior in the rat

Clarke, Samuel; Trowill, Jay A.

doi:10.1016/0031-9384(71)90013-8

Cited by 90 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…This probably reflects an increase in overall attentional and/or anticipatory process: rats become more attentive to stimuli. For example, several studies showed that sniffing is associated with motivation and reward anticipation as it predicts the occurrence of a reward based on a sensory cue [33], [34], [35] and [36]. This sniffing pattern seems to be important to reach the learning criterion more rapidly as good learners sampled longer with approximately one more cycle than the poor learners (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Significance of sniffing pattern during the acquisition of an olfactory discrimination task

Lefèvre

Courtiol

Garcia

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Significance of sniffing pattern during the acquisition of an olfactory discrimination task

Lefèvre

Courtiol

Garcia

et al. 2016

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…This vocal index of positive social engagement, especially the "frequency modulated" (FM) variety is strongly affetced by ML-DA dynamics (Burgdorf, et al, 2001(Burgdorf, et al, , 2007. Another, putative direct index of the arousal of this SEEKING system in rats is the appetitive invigoration of sniffing (Clark & Trowill, 1971) and this measure exhibits spontaneous temporal conditioning that helps explain why animals behave the way they do (i.e., exhibit scalloped, expectancy-type, operant responding) on fixed interval schedules of reinforcement (Panksepp, 1981(Panksepp, , 1998. Thus, we have at least three measures of spontaneous arousability of the SEEKING urge in rodents: i) sniffing, ii) 50 kHz FM USVs, and iii) general exploratory-foraging activities.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Olds (1977) extensively analyzed the pervasive neuronal learning during appetitive conditioning that occurred along the trans-hypothalamic self-stimulation continuum (for review, see Figure 8.3 in Panksepp, 1998). Further it was demonstrated that with fixed-interval stimulation of this substrate, animals would exhibit spontaneous conditioning characteristics of fixed-interval instrumental behavior (Clark & Trowill, 1971;Burgdorf, et al, 2000) It was also observed that electric stimulations of the MFB not only reinforce instrumental actions, but they also arouse a variety of consummatory behaviors such as drinking, feeding, gnawing and predation (Glickman & Schiff, 1967;Valenstein et al, 1969;Panksepp, 1971;. Such stimulations also induced generalized arousal, leading to exploratory behaviors not strictly related to any biological needs (Gallistel, 1974, Panksepp, 1981.…”

Section: Electrical Self-stimulation Of the Brain (Essb)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Such an automatic, associative process relates to temporal-and cuepredictability of rewards. The role of the SEEKING disposition in learning is evident in the shaping of spontaneous sniffing behavior in rats during the free, fixed-interval delivery of rewards (Clark & Trowill, 1971;Panksepp, 1981a). Similarly, this phenomenon is also evident in 50 kHz chirping of rats (Burgdorf et al, 2000), an unconditioned component of ML-DA network activity (Burgdorf & Panksepp, 2006).…”

Section: The Affective Neuroethological Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Behavioral functions of the mesolimbic dopaminergic system: An affective neuroethological perspective

Alcaro

Huber

Panksepp

2007

Brain Research Reviews

514

294

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The mesolimbic dopaminergic (ML-DA) system has been recognized for its central role in motivated behaviors, various types of reward, and, more recently, in cognitive processes. Functional theories have emphasized DA's involvement in the orchestration of goal-directed behaviors, and in the promotion and reinforcement of learning. The affective neuroethological perspective presented here, views the ML-DA system in terms of its ability to activate an instinctual emotional appetitive state (SEEKING) evolved to induce organisms to search for all varieties of life-supporting stimuli and to avoid harms.A description of the anatomical framework in which the ML system is embedded is followed by the argument that the SEEKING disposition emerges through functional integration of ventral basal ganglia (BG) into thalamocortical activities. Filtering cortical and limbic input that spread into BG, DA transmission promotes the "release" of neural activity patterns that induce active SEEKING behaviors when expressed at the motor level. Reverberation of these patterns constitutes a neurodynamic process for the inclusion of cognitive and perceptual representations within the extended networks of the SEEKING urge. In this way, the SEEKING disposition influences attention, incentive salience, associative learning, and anticipatory predictions.In our view, the rewarding properties of drugs of abuse are, in part, caused by the activation of the SEEKING disposition, ranging from appetitive drive to persistent craving depending on the intensity of the affect. The implications of such a view for understanding addiction are considered, with particular emphasis on factors predisposing individuals to develop compulsive drug seeking behaviors.

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“…whole-body shivers and other rebound effects (Altman & Wisehart, 1971), while hypothalamic self-stimulation is accompanied by excited, head-forward sniffing (Clarke & Trowill, 1971;St.-Laurent, Adam-Carriere, & Belanger, 1976;Waranch & Terman, 1975). Hypothalamic self-stimulation rates usually show a sharp rise as current is increased, while the rate-intensity function for septal self-stimulation typically is shallow, with little evidence of a clearly demarcated "reinforcement threshold" (Olds, Travis, & Schwing, 1960;Terman et al, 1970).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%