Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem

Joshi, Vinayak; Matthews, Chad R.; Aspiras, M.; Jäger, Mark D.; Ward, Marilyn; Kumar, Purnima

doi:10.1111/jcpe.12300

Cited by 76 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…and Neisseria spp. have both been associated with dental and periodontal health (Belda-Ferre 2012;Griffen 2012;Joshi 2014). Furthermore, two weeks of lettuce juice consumption in another recent clinical study reduced gingival inflammation (Jockel-Schneider 2016).…”

Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the term resilience was applied in the oral cavity as the capacity to recover from perturbations caused by gingivitis in smokers vs non-smokers (Joshi 2014). After the recovery period, smokers had higher levels of disease-associated species and, accordingly, a higher pro-inflammatory response.…”

Section: Resilience To Disease Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Firstly, the conditions within the plaque biofilm slowly become more anaerobic over time as the biofilm becomes thicker, which increases the levels of anaerobic species. Additionally, to clear the accumulated microbes, the host responds with gingival inflammation (Joshi 2014). This includes an increased flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF, i.e., a serum-like exudate), which contains components of host defenses (e.g., immune cells and antibodies), but also many (glyco)proteins.…”

Section: Resilience To Carbohydrate Consumption and Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…by adjusting cytokine expression levels and complex cytokine-receptor interactions and signaling, depending on the types and amounts of microbes that are detected. Consequently, some species correlate with antiinflammatory mediators (e.g., Streptococcus, Neisseria and Veillonella), while others correlate with pro-inflammatory mediators (e.g., Selenomonas, Parvimonas and Campylobacter) (Joshi 2014).…”

Section: Resilience To Destructive Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, to measure the microbiota's resilience against a sugar pulse, it is necessary to observe its activity before and several time points after the sugar pulse. Only a few recent (small scale) OMICS studies have assessed the response of the oral microbiota to disease drivers, detecting individuals with different susceptibilities (Benítez-Páez 2014;David 2014;Joshi 2014). More and larger qualitative OMICS studies, which measure fluctuation over time, will provide new insights into microbial and host markers that lead to resilience (Nascimento 2017).…”

Section: Identification Of Markers Of Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis

2017

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word count: 278Reference number: 61 Figures: 6 2 AbstractDental diseases are now viewed as a consequence of a deleterious shift in the balance of the normally stable resident oral microbiome. It is known that frequent carbohydrate consumption or reduced saliva flow can lead to caries, and excessive plaque accumulation increases the risk of periodontal diseases. However, when these disease drivers are present, while some individuals appear to be susceptible, others are more tolerant or resilient to suffering from undesirable changes in their oral microbiome. Health-maintaining mechanisms that limit the effect of disease drivers include the complex set of metabolic and functional inter-relationships that develop within dental biofilms and between biofilms and the host. In contrast, 'positive feedback loops' can develop within these microbial communities that disrupt resilience and provoke a large and abrupt change in function and structure of the ecosystem (a microbial 'regime shift'), that promotes dysbiosis and oral disease. For instance, acidification due to carbohydrate fermentation or inflammation in response to accumulated plaque select for a cariogenic or periopathogenic microbiota, respectively, in a chain of selfreinforcing events. Conversely, in tolerant individuals, health-maintaining mechanisms, including negative feedback to the drivers, can maintain resilience and promote resistance to and recovery from disease drivers. Recently studied health-maintaining mechanisms include ammonium production, limiting a drop in pH that can lead to caries, and denitrification, which could inhibit several stages of disease-associated positive feedback loops. OMICS studies comparing the microbiome of, and its interaction with, susceptible and tolerant hosts can detect markers of resilience. The neutralization or inhibition of these 'disease drivers', together with the identification and promotion of health-promoting species and functions, for example by pre-and probiotics, could enhance microbiome resilience and lead to new strategies to prevent disease.3

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Section: Prebioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilience To Disease Driversmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilience To Carbohydrate Consumption and Acidificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resilience To Destructive Inflammationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identification Of Markers Of Resiliencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis

2017

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Rational Design of Bioactive Hydrogels toward Periodontal Delivery: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Applications

Yin

Yang

et al. 2023

Adv Funct Materials

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Periodontitis is a biofilm‐induced, host‐mediated inflammatory disease that results in periodontal tissue destruction. The design of functional biomaterials based on disease pathophysiology is essential for enhancing their therapeutic effects in periodontitis treatment. As promising localized drug delivery systems and tissue engineering scaffolds, hydrogels have gained significant interest for controlled and sustained release of bioactive agents in periodontal applications. The rational design of bioactive hydrogels can facilitate bacterial control and modulate destructive host inflammation, thereby preventing the progression of periodontitis. In this review, the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying periodontitis as fundamental principles for the design of functional hydrogel systems are first introduced. In the following part, an overview is systematically provided of the types and functions of the bioactive hydrogel systems loaded with anti‐bacterial and anti‐inflammatory agents for periodontal delivery. Finally, the remaining challenges and future perspectives of hydrogel delivery systems for periodontal applications are proposed. It is believed that this review will inspire the rational design and development of innovative functional hydrogel biomaterials toward periodontal therapy.

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Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly

Kamer

Pushalkar

Gulivindala

et al. 2021

Alz & Dem Diag Ass & Dis Mo

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Introduction Periodontal disease is a chronic, inflammatory bacterial dysbiosis that is associated with both Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Down syndrome. Methods A total of 48 elderly cognitively normal subjects were evaluated for differences in subgingival periodontal bacteria (assayed by 16S rRNA sequencing) between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker groups of amyloid and neurofibrillary pathology. A dysbiotic index (DI) was defined at the genus level as the abundance ratio of known periodontal bacteria to healthy bacteria. Analysis of variance/analysis of covariance (ANOVA/ANCOVA), linear discriminant effect‐size analyses (LEfSe) were used to determine the bacterial genera and species differences between the CSF biomarker groups. Results At genera and species levels, higher subgingival periodontal dysbiosis was associated with reduced CSF amyloid beta (Aβ)42 ( P = 0.02 and 0.01) but not with P‐tau. Discussion We show a selective relationship between periodontal disease bacterial dysbiosis and CSF biomarkers of amyloidosis, but not for tau. Further modeling is needed to establish the direct link between oral bacteria and Aβ.

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Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem

Abstract: The ability of the subgingival microbiome to "reset" itself following episodes of disease is decreased in smokers, thereby lowering the resilience of the ecosystem and decreasing its resistance to future disease.

Cited by 76 publications

References 44 publications

Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis

Resilience of the Oral Microbiota in Health: Mechanisms That Prevent Dysbiosis

Rational Design of Bioactive Hydrogels toward Periodontal Delivery: From Pathophysiology to Therapeutic Applications

Periodontal dysbiosis associates with reduced CSF Aβ42 in cognitively normal elderly

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