Smaug Recruits the CCR4/POP2/NOT Deadenylase Complex to Trigger Maternal Transcript Localization in the Early Drosophila Embryo

Semotok, Jennifer L.; Cooperstock, Ramona L.; Pinder, Benjamin D.; Vari, Heli K.; Lipshitz, Howard D.; Smibert, Craig

doi:10.1016/j.cub.2005.01.048

Cited by 225 publications

(283 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Several other proteins acting as translational regulators have been reported in the fly embryo and oocyte [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], and in other eukaryotic species [58][59][60], oftentimes in a developmental context. These findings hint at the possibility that the regulatory principle implemented by bicoid protein and caudal mRNA in Drosophila may be at work also in other developmental systems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since these regulatory proteins bind to DNA, it is plausible that they could also bind to mRNA, thereby regulating translation; this is known to happen in the large class of homeodomain proteins [45][46][47] and for the Argonaute family proteins [48,49], for several other proteins that fulfill important functions in the Drosophila embryo and oocyte [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57], but also in other eukaryotic species [58][59][60] and in prokaryotes [61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Intuitively, each mRNA molecule could act as an independent sensor of the input concentration, and averaging over these multiple sensors could reduce the input noise and thereby allow for more effective information transmission at low input concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Extending the dynamic range of transcription factor action by translational regulation

Sokolowski¹,

Walczak²,

Bialek³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. E

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A crucial step in the regulation of gene expression is binding of transcription factor (TF) proteins to regulatory sites along the DNA. But transcription factors act at nanomolar concentrations, and noise due to random arrival of these molecules at their binding sites can severely limit the precision of regulation. Recent work on the optimization of information flow through regulatory networks indicates that the lower end of the dynamic range of concentrations is simply inaccessible, overwhelmed by the impact of this noise. Motivated by the behavior of homeodomain proteins, such as the maternal morphogen Bicoid in the fruit fly embryo, we suggest a scheme in which transcription factors also act as indirect translational regulators, binding to the mRNA of other regulatory proteins. Intuitively, each mRNA molecule acts as an independent sensor of the input concentration, and averaging over these multiple sensors reduces the noise. We analyze information flow through this scheme and identify conditions under which it outperforms direct transcriptional regulation. Our results suggest that the dual role of homeodomain proteins is not just a historical accident, but a solution to a crucial physics problem in the regulation of gene expression.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extending the dynamic range of transcription factor action by translational regulation

Sokolowski¹,

Walczak²,

Bialek³

et al. 2016

Phys. Rev. E

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“…In Drosophila, the interaction of CAF1 with the RNA-binding protein Smaug allows for the specific targeting of the CCR4-CAF1 complex to Hsp83 and nanos mRNAs (Semotok et al, 2005;Zaessinger et al, 2006). Additionally, in yeast the Figure 7.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arabidopsis Deadenylases AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b Play Overlapping and Distinct Roles in Mediating Environmental Stress Responses

et al. 2009

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To maintain homeostasis in an ever-changing environment organisms have evolved mechanisms to reprogram gene expression. One central mechanism regulating gene expression is messenger RNA (mRNA) degradation, which is initiated by poly(A) tail shortening (deadenylation). The carbon catabolite repressor 4-CCR4 associated factor1 (CCR4-CAF1) complex is the major enzyme complex that catalyzes mRNA deadenylation and is conserved among eukaryotes. However, the components and functions of this global regulatory complex have not been well characterized in plants. Here we investigate the CAF1 family in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). We identify 11 AtCAF1 homologs and show that a subset of these genes are responsive to mechanical wounding, among them are AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b whose expression levels are rapidly and transiently induced by wounding. The differential expression profiles of the various AtCAF1s suggest that not all AtCAF1 genes are involved in stress-responsive regulation of transcript levels. Comparison of misexpressed genes identified via transcript profiling of Atcaf1a and Atcaf1b mutants at different time points before and after wounding suggests that AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b target shared and unique transcripts for deadenylation with temporal specificity. Consistent with the AtPI4Kγ3 transcript exhibiting the largest increase in abundance in Atcaf1b, AtCAF1b targets AtPI4Kγ3 mRNA for deadenylation. Stress-tolerance assays demonstrate that AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b are involved in mediating abiotic stress responses. However, AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b are not functionally redundant in all cases, nor are they essential for all environmental stresses. These findings demonstrate that these closely related proteins exhibit overlapping and distinct roles with respect to mRNA deadenylation and mediation of stress responses.

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“…Smg is required for two thirds of all maternal transcript degradation (Tadros et al, 2007). Smg acts by recruiting the CCR4/POP2/ NOT deadenylase complex to transcripts containing a Smg response element (SRE, a 15 nucleotide stemloop structure) in their 3ЈUTR (Semotok et al, 2005). This process directly leads to deadenylation and degradation of these transcripts.…”

Section: Maternal Transcript Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transitioning from egg to embryo: Triggers and mechanisms of egg activation

Horner

Wolfner

2008

Developmental Dynamics

181

177

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The transition from mature oocyte to developing embryo requires a coordinated series of events, collectively known as egg activation. Egg activation includes changes to egg coverings to prevent polyspermy, release of oocyte meiotic arrest, generation of haploid female and male pronuclei, changes in maternal mRNAs and protein populations, and cytoskeletal rearrangements. In many animals, egg activation is triggered by fertilization, which increases intracellular calcium within the oocyte and thereby regulates molecular events of egg activation. In other animals, fertilization-independent external signals, including mechanical stimulation of eggs and/or changes in ionic milieu, trigger activation. Recent studies have clarified the upstream portion of pathways leading to eggshell changes and cell cycle resumption and have identified activation-induced changes in maternal mRNA and protein profiles that can identify molecular players in the downstream events of egg activation. We review signals that trigger activation and how they link to subsequent molecular events of egg activation. Developmental Dynamics 237:527-544, 2008.

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Smaug Recruits the CCR4/POP2/NOT Deadenylase Complex to Trigger Maternal Transcript Localization in the Early Drosophila Embryo

Cited by 225 publications

References 43 publications

Extending the dynamic range of transcription factor action by translational regulation

Extending the dynamic range of transcription factor action by translational regulation

Arabidopsis Deadenylases AtCAF1a and AtCAF1b Play Overlapping and Distinct Roles in Mediating Environmental Stress Responses

Transitioning from egg to embryo: Triggers and mechanisms of egg activation

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