Smart One‐for‐All Agent with Adaptive Functions for Improving Photoacoustic /Fluorescence Imaging‐Guided Photodynamic Immunotherapy

Abstract

Multifunctional phototheranostics that integrate several diagnostic and therapeutic strategies into one platform hold great promise for precision medicine. However, it is really difficult for one molecule to possess multimodality optical imaging and therapy properties that all functions are in the optimized mode because the absorbed photoenergy is fixed. Herein, a smart one‐for‐all nanoagent that the photophysical energy transformation processes can be facilely tuned by external light stimuli is developed for precise multifunctional image‐guided therapy. A dithienylethene‐based molecule is designed and synthesized because it has two light‐switchable forms. In the ring‐closed form, most of the absorbed energy dissipates via nonradiative thermal deactivation for photoacoustic (PA) imaging. In the ring‐open form, the molecule possesses obvious aggregation‐induced emission features with excellent fluorescence and photodynamic therapy properties. In vivo experiments demonstrate that preoperative PA and fluorescence imaging help to delineate tumors in a high‐contrast manner, and intraoperative fluorescence imaging is able to sensitively detect tiny residual tumors. Furthermore, the nanoagent can induce immunogenic cell death to elicit antitumor immunity and significantly suppress solid tumors. This work develops a smart one‐for‐all agent that the photophysical energy transformation and related phototheranostic properties can be optimized by light‐driven structure switch, which is promising for multifunctional biomedical applications.

Nanobody-loaded nanobubbles targeting the G250 antigen with ultrasound/photoacoustic/fluorescence multimodal imaging capabilities for specifically enhanced imaging of RCC

“…29 As a safe and reliable bio dye with NIR fluorescence/PAI functions, ICG has been clinically applied in tumor localization and characterization. 8,30,31 In this study, we used ICG as a marker group to pair with previously developed NBs with G250 targeted binding ability, and constructed a multimodal molecular imaging contrast agent for RCC enrichment imaging. Through complementary imaging of US/PAI, we can compensate for the defect that single US is not intuitive in judging benign/malignant RM.…”

Development of organic photosensitizers for antimicrobial photodynamic therapy

“…Consequently, AIEgens generally exhibit higher photodynamic efficiency than conventional photosensitizers. 89 The photosensitizers can be excited into a singlet excited state and then into a triplet state via ISC by light illumination. Photosensitizers in the triplet state have a lengthy sufficient lifetime to react with the surrounding O 2 or substrate to produce ROS, including type II ROS through energy transfer (such as 1 O 2 ) or type I ROS (such as • OH or O 2…”

“…Consequently, AIEgens generally exhibit higher photodynamic efficiency than conventional photosensitizers. 89…”

Endoplasmic Reticulum-Targeting AIE Photosensitizers to Boost Immunogenic Cell Death for Immunotherapy of Bladder Carcinoma

“…ICD is a form of regulated cell death, and the cancer cells undergoing ICD can produce a large number of tumor-associated antigens and damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), including surface-exposed CRT (ecto-CRT) and extracellularly released ATP, HSP70, and HMGB1. − Among these DAMPs, ecto-CRT acts as an “eat me” signal, attracting antigen-presenting cells, such as dendritic cells (DCs), to recognize and phagocytose the dying tumor cells . Simultaneously, the released ATP, HSP70, and HMGB1 play critical roles in promoting DC maturation and the presentation of tumor antigens to T cells. − As a result, ICD of tumor cells effectively initiates and augments the antitumor immunity, promoting massive infiltration of CD8+ T cells into the tumor microenvironment and transforming “cold” tumors with low immunogenicity into “hot” tumors with a positive immune response. − Therefore, during the treatment of bladder cancer, efficiently evoking the ICD of bladder cancer cells might exert a cancer vaccine-like effect to trigger strong antitumor immune responses and immune memory, offering a promising strategy for the eradication of bladder cancer.…”