Slow Breathing and Hypoxic Challenge: Cardiorespiratory Consequences and Their Central Neural Substrates

Critchley, Hugo; Nicotra, Alessia; Chiesa, Patrizia Andrea; Nagai, Yoko; Gray, Marcus A.; Minati, Ludovico; Bernardi, Luciano

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0127082

Cited by 75 publications

(81 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Panic and pain. When conscious, in addition to the brainstem, many mid-and forebrain regions are also involved in breathing, including corticostriatal circuitry (Critchley et al 2015). Humans can voluntarily override automatic respiratory pattern generation when playing wind instruments, speaking or swallowing, for example.…”

Section: Results: Ventilatory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

Tipton

Harper

Paton

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

164

166

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Many stressors cause an increase in ventilation in humans. This is predominantly reported as an increase in minute ventilation (V̇E). But, the same V̇E can be achieved by a wide variety of changes in the depth (tidal volume, V ) and number of breaths (respiratory frequency, ƒ ). This review investigates the impact of stressors including: cold, heat, hypoxia, pain and panic on the contributions of ƒ and V to V̇E to see if they differ with different stressors. Where possible we also consider the potential mechanisms that underpin the responses identified, and propose mechanisms by which differences in ƒ and V are mediated. Our aim being to consider if there is an overall differential control of ƒ and V that applies in a wide range of conditions. We consider moderating factors, including exercise, sex, intensity and duration of stimuli. For the stressors reviewed, as the stress becomes extreme V̇E generally becomes increased more by ƒ than V . We also present some tentative evidence that the pattern of ƒ and V could provide some useful diagnostic information for a variety of clinical conditions. In The Physiological Society's year of 'Making Sense of Stress', this review has wide-ranging implications that are not limited to one discipline, but are integrative and relevant for physiology, psychophysiology, neuroscience and pathophysiology.

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Section: Results: Ventilatory Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

Tipton

Harper

Paton

et al. 2017

The Journal of Physiology

164

166

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…2). The PAG has been associated with the neural processing of several behaviors, perhaps most notably to add to this discussion is its relation to breathing and stress (e.g., [49,50]), as well as anxiety ( [47]). Taken together, these neural structures and corresponding systems operate on the primary-process level (i.e., Fig.…”

Section: Stress and Memorymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Cognitive Architecture with Primal Affect and Physiology

Dancy

2021

IEEE Trans. Affective Comput.

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Though computational cognitive architectures have been used to study several processes associated with human behavior, the study of integration of affect and emotion in these processes has been relatively sparse. Theory from affective science and affective neuroscience can be used to systematically integrate affect into cognitive architectures, particularly in areas where cognitive system behavior is known to be associated with physiological structure and behavior. I introduce a unified theory and model of human behavior that integrates physiology and primal affect with cognitive processes in a cognitive architecture. This new architecture gives a more tractable, mechanistic way to simulate affect-cognition interactions to provide specific, quantitative predictions. It considers affect as a lower-level, functional process that interacts with cognitive processes (e.g., declarative memory) to result in emotional behavior. This formulation makes it more straightforward to connect these affective representations with other related moderating processes that may not specifically be considered as emotional (e.g., thirst or stress). An improved understanding of the architecture that constrains our behavior gives us a better opportunity to comprehend why we behave the way we do and how we can use this knowledge to recognize and construct a more ideal internal and external environment.

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“…This fits very well with the results of Bousama et al [108] who postulated in their work intermittent hypoxia as the key factor for neurogenesis modulation in the hippocampus. They hypothesized that activation of neurogenesis is a reaction to hypoxia-induced neuronal loss, thereby contributing relative hypoxia as a neuroprotective mechanism [109][110][111].…”

Section: -Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compamentioning

confidence: 99%

10-Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compared to Active and Passive Control Groups: A Controlled Structural cMRI Study

Garner¹,

Reith²,

Krick³

2019

J Neuroimaging Psychiatry Neurol

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Background:The current study was designed to evaluate potential Yoga specific changes of brain structure in comparison with an active sport group and a passive control group. Materials and Methods:We conducted a longitudinal structural MRI study to investigate changes in gray matter (GM) density following a Yoga intervention. In order to check the repeatability of the results two data acquisition periods (cohorts) with the same study design were done. Yoga naive subjects (n = 19/n = 20) received a Yoga intervention once a week for 75 minutes over a period of 10 weeks. Control groups included active sport subjects (n = 10/n = 22) and passive subjects (n = 17/n = 14). All participants could choose their group assignment by their own preference. A longitudinal and group comparison was done by voxelbased-morphometric analyses before and after the intervention. In addition, blood pressure was taken before and after the study period as a controlling instrument. Finally, the results of the two cohorts were reported into a comprising data set for a general conclusion on Yoga effects. Results:Initially, hippocampal GM density in the Yoga group was significantly lower than in both control groups already before the intervention. It was equally and independently present in both cohorts. The longitudinal MRI measurements showed a significant increase in the right hippocampal GM density as a specific effect of the Hatha Yoga intervention. Coincidentally, the blood pressure measurement detected a significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the Yoga group but not in the sport or passive group. Conclusions:Various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases as well as long lasting stress lead to structural shrinkage of the hippocampal GM. In contrast, stress reduction was shown to be associated with an increase in the hippocampal GM density. The Yoga specific effect in this study can be considered as positive impact on both stress management and its underlying neural structure. These effects have been already proven in prevention and therapy of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. The Yoga-induced stress reduction can be furthermore supported by the findings of blood pressure reduction. Blood pressure is well known as an indirect indicator for stress reduction. Since the GM density was detected lower in the two Yoga cohorts twice compared to both control groups, one may postulate a pre-existing but unconscious higher stress vulnerability when voluntarily deciding for the Yoga intervention.

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Slow Breathing and Hypoxic Challenge: Cardiorespiratory Consequences and Their Central Neural Substrates

Cited by 75 publications

References 44 publications

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

The human ventilatory response to stress: rate or depth?

A Hybrid Cognitive Architecture with Primal Affect and Physiology

10-Week Hatha Yoga Increases Right Hippocampal Density Compared to Active and Passive Control Groups: A Controlled Structural cMRI Study

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