Sleep Habits, Alertness, Cortisol Levels, and Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Short-Distance Bus Drivers

Diez, Joaquín J.; Vigo, Daniel Eduardo; Lloret, Santiago Pérez; Rigters, Stephanie C.; Role, Noelia; Cardinali, Daniel P.; Chada, Daniel Pérez

doi:10.1097/jom.0b013e318221c6de

Cited by 34 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…A PSQI score greater than 4 points is defined as “poor sleep quality.” The ESS measures daytime sleepiness. An ESS score greater than 10 represents “excessive daytime sleepiness” (Diez et al, 2011). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep–wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Abulafia

Duarte-Abritta

Villarreal

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Early neuropathological changes characteristic of late-onset Alzheimer’s disease (LOAD) involve brain stem and limbic structures that regulate neurovegetative functions, including sleep–wake rhythm. Indeed, sleep pattern is an emerging biomarker and a potential pathophysiological mechanism in LOAD. We hypothesized that cognitively asymptomatic, middle-aged offspring of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) would display a series of circadian rhythm abnormalities prior to the onset of objective cognitive alterations. We tested 31 children of patients with LOAD (O-LOAD) and 19 healthy individuals without family history of Alzheimer’s disease (control subjects, CS) with basic tests of cognitive function, as well as actigraphy measures of sleep–wake rhythm, cardiac autonomic function, and bodily temperature. Unexpectedly, O-LOAD displayed subtle but significant deficits in verbal episodic memory (Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test delayed recall 10.6 ± 0.4 vs. 8.6 ± 0.6, t = 4.97, df = 49, p < 0.01) and language (Weschler’s vocabulary 51.4 ± 1.3 vs. 44.3 ± 1.5, t = 2.49, df = 49, p < 0.001) compared to CS, even though all participants had results within the clinically normal range. O-LOAD showed a phase-delayed rhythm of body temperature (2.56 ± 0.47 h vs. 3.8 ± 0.26 h, t = 2.48, df = 40, p = 0.031). Cognitive performance in O-LOAD was associated with a series of cardiac autonomic sleep–wake variables; specifically indicators of greater sympathetic activity at night were related to poorer cognition. The present results suggest sleep pattern deserves further study as a potential neurobiological signature in LOAD, even in middle-aged, at risk individuals.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep–wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Abulafia

Duarte-Abritta

Villarreal

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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“…Edwards et al (2001) reported that earlier waking was followed by prolonged elevation of cortisol for several hours. A recent study comparing waking and evening cortisol samples in two groups of bus drivers suggested that there was less decline over the day in early shift workers than afternoon shift workers, but the samples were not timed in relation to waking (Diez et al, 2011). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of early shift work on the diurnal cortisol rhythm, mood and sleep: Within-subject variation in male airline pilots

Bostock¹,

Steptoe²

2013

Psychoneuroendocrinology

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SummaryWe aimed to investigate how early and late work shifts influenced the diurnal cortisol rhythm using a within-subjects study design. Participants were 30 healthy male non-smoking pilots, mean age 39.4, employed by a short-haul airline. The standard rotating shift pattern consisted of 5 early shifts (starting before 0600 h), followed by 3 rest days, 5 late shifts (starting after 1200 h) and 4 rest days. Pilots sampled saliva and completed subjective mood ratings in a logbook 6 times over the day on two consecutive early shift days, two late days and two rest days. Sampling was scheduled at waking, waking + 30 m, waking + 2.5 h, waking + 8 h, waking + 12 h and bedtime. Waking time, sleep duration, sleep quality and working hours were also recorded. Cortisol responses were analysed with repeated measures analysis of variance with shift condition (early, late, rest) and sample time (1–6) as within-subject factors. Early shifts were associated with a higher cortisol increase in response to awakening (CARi), a greater total cortisol output over the day (AUCG) and a slower rate of decline over the day than late shifts or rest days. Early shifts were also associated with shorter sleep duration but co-varying for sleep duration did not alter the effects of shift on the cortisol rhythm. Both types of work shift were associated with more stress, tiredness and lower happiness than rest days, but statistical adjustment for mood ratings did not alter the findings. Early shift days were associated with significantly higher levels of circulating cortisol during waking hours than late shifts or rest days.

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“…In addition, the methods used in this real-life setting were simple and can be used both in interventional studies and in follow-up studies. In occupational studies, using actigraphy may give a better estimate of the length of sleep than does a subjective estimation alone [35, 36]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morning Cortisol Levels and Perceived Stress in Irregular Shift Workers Compared with Regular Daytime Workers

et al. 2012

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The 24/7 work environment and irregular shifts may markedly enhance the psychological pressure of media work. Changes in the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis reflect adaptation to stress. We analysed the correlation between subjective stress, sleep, salivary cortisol, and melatonin hormones among Finnish media workers with regular daytime work (RDW) and with irregular shift work (ISW) while controlling confounders. From 874 employees with regular daytime work or with irregular shift work, 70 employees from both groups were randomly selected. The final number of employees with a complete salivary cortisol profile was 66 in the RDW group and 65 in the ISW group. Five saliva samples were gathered from each subject before and during a working day. The salivary cortisol level of the sample taken 60 minutes after awakening (T1) was compared to the salivary cortisol level taken immediately after awakening (T0, T1/T0 ratio). The ratio was higher in the ISW group than in RDW group. Irregular shift work (P < 0.001), severe stress (P < 0.05), and less sleep (P < 0.05) were independently associated with an augmented cortisol response after awakening. A stressful work environment and irregular shift work enhance cortisol excretion after waking. In the long run, this may become detrimental to health.

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Sleep Habits, Alertness, Cortisol Levels, and Cardiac Autonomic Activity in Short-Distance Bus Drivers

Abstract: The differences found between morning and afternoon shifts point out to the need of the implementation of educational strategies to compensate the sleep loss associated with an early work schedule.

Cited by 34 publications

References 40 publications

Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep–wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Relationship between Cognitive and Sleep–wake Variables in Asymptomatic Offspring of Patients with Late-onset Alzheimer’s Disease

Influences of early shift work on the diurnal cortisol rhythm, mood and sleep: Within-subject variation in male airline pilots

Morning Cortisol Levels and Perceived Stress in Irregular Shift Workers Compared with Regular Daytime Workers

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