Sleep and food intake: A multisystem review of mechanisms in children and adults

Lundahl, Alyssa; Nelson, Timothy D.

doi:10.1177/1359105315573427

Cited by 71 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 97 publications

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“…Moreover, we did not detect any significant association between sleep and waist circumference. A recent study has shown that unstable sleep patterns may increase the quantity of food intake, 41 and our findings therefore require further investigation. The lack of association between habitual smoking and BMI or metabolic syndrome has been reported in previous studies, 7 42 which corroborates our findings.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data

Hurst

Fukuda

2018

BMJ Open

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ObjectiveFew studies have examined the causal relationships between lifestyle habits and obesity. With a focus on eating speed in patients with type 2 diabetes, this study aimed to analyse the effects of changes in lifestyle habits on changes in obesity using panel data.MethodsPatient-level panel data from 2008 to 2013 were generated using commercially available insurance claims data and health check-up data. The study subjects comprised Japanese men and women (n=59 717) enrolled in health insurance societies who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes during the study period. Body mass index (BMI) was measured, and obesity was defined as a BMI of 25 or more. Information on lifestyle habits were obtained from the subjects’ responses to questions asked during health check-ups. The main exposure of interest was eating speed (‘fast’, ‘normal’ and ‘slow’). Other lifestyle habits included eating dinner within 2 hours of sleeping, after-dinner snacking, skipping breakfast, alcohol consumption frequency, sleep adequacy and tobacco consumption. A generalised estimating equation model was used to examine the effects of these habits on obesity. In addition, fixed-effects models were used to assess these effects on BMI and waist circumference.ResultsThe generalised estimating equation model showed that eating slower inhibited the development of obesity. The ORs for slow (0.58) and normal-speed eaters (0.71) indicated that these groups were less likely to be obese than fast eaters (P<0.001). Similarly, the fixed-effects models showed that eating slower reduced BMI and waist circumference. Relative to fast eaters, the coefficients of the BMI model for slow and normal-speed eaters were −0.11 and −0.07, respectively (P<0.001).DiscussionChanges in eating speed can affect changes in obesity, BMI and waist circumference. Interventions aimed at reducing eating speed may be effective in preventing obesity and lowering the associated health risks.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data

Hurst

Fukuda

2018

BMJ Open

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“…Laboratory studies in adults have shown that short sleep duration could affect appetite regulation through relevant hormonal change, specifically leptin and ghrelin . This may cause excessive food intake and eventually increase energy intake, which has been found in epidemiological studies in both school‐aged and preschool‐aged children . On the other hand, short total sleep duration may also contribute to increased adiposity by reducing energy expenditure .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers: Results from the GET UP! Study

et al. 2019

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Summary Background The associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in children under three years are not fully understood yet. Objective The objective of the study is to examine the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers over a 12‐month period. Methods Participants were 202 toddlers from the GET‐UP! Study. Sleep duration, sleep timing, and sleep variability were assessed using 24‐hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. Height and weight were measured, and BMI z scores were calculated. Linear mixed models were performed to examine the cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity, with adjustments for clustering effects and demographic factors. Results Total sleep duration was negatively associated with higher adiposity cross‐sectionally (B = −0.12; 95% CI: −0.23, −0.01; .033) but not prospectively (B = 0.01; 95% CI: −0.13, 0.10; .843). Nap duration was prospectively associated with higher levels of adiposity (B = 0.41; 95% CI: 0.14, 0.68; .003). Sleep variability and sleep timing were not associated with concurrent or subsequent adiposity. Conclusion Although sleep duration is an important factor associated with obesity in toddlerhood, the potential effects of different types of sleep duration may vary. While longer total sleep duration may protect children from increasing adiposity, longer nap duration seems to be risk factor. As evidence in this age group is scarce, more research is needed to confirm this finding.

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“…OSA patients may have a greater imbalance of hormones responsible for regulating hunger and satiety because of the chronic sleep restriction. (50–52) Although these studies are important for understanding the impact of weight loss on OSA severity, the current evidence base is lacking in how it is that weight loss improves sleep quality and duration among non-OSA patients. Even more limited is our understanding about the impact of preventing weight gain among non-OSA patients.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing Weight Gain Improves Sleep Quality Among Black Women: Results from a RCT

et al. 2017

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Background Obesity and poor sleep are highly prevalent among Black women. Purpose We examined whether a weight gain prevention intervention improved sleep among Black women. Methods We conducted a randomized trial comparing a 12-month weight gain prevention intervention that included self-monitoring through mobile technologies and phone coaching to usual care in community health centers. We measured sleep using the Medical Outcomes Study Sleep Scale at baseline, 12 months, and 18 months. The scale examines quantity of sleep, sleep disturbance, sleep adequacy, daytime somnolence, snoring, shortness of breath and global sleep problems (sleep problem indices I and II). Results Participants (n=184) were on average 35.4 years, and obese (BMI:30.2kg/m2); 74% made <$30,000/y. At baseline, average sleep duration was 6.4(1.5) hours. Controlling for weight change and sleep medication, the intervention group reported greater improvements in sleep disturbance [−8.35 (−16.24, −0.45)] and sleep problems at 12 months: sleep problems index I [− 8.35 (−16.24, −0.45)]; sleep problems index II - [−8.35 (−16.24, −0.45)]. However, these findings did not persist at 18 months. Conclusions Preventing weight gain may afford clinical benefit on improving sleep quality.

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Sleep and food intake: A multisystem review of mechanisms in children and adults

Cited by 71 publications

References 97 publications

Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data

Effects of changes in eating speed on obesity in patients with diabetes: a secondary analysis of longitudinal health check-up data

The cross‐sectional and prospective associations between sleep characteristics and adiposity in toddlers: Results from the GET UP! Study

Preventing Weight Gain Improves Sleep Quality Among Black Women: Results from a RCT

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