Sleep and Depression

Biorhythmic variations in consciousness and psychological functions.

“…This testable postulate might be considered an extension of the recent theoretical model of Tecce (1972) concerning the relationship of arousal to the CNV and other slow cortical potentials. Supporting data for this mainly frontal lobe repolarizing hypothesis in deep NREM sleep includes the marked reduction of such slow wave activity in the sleep of anxious (Lester, Burch and Dossett, 1967) and depressed (Diaz-Guerrero, Gottlieb and Knott, 1946;Gresham, Agnew and Williams, 1965;Mendels and Hawkins, 1967) patients -two groups who certainly show reduced waking levels of awarenessplus the effects of one and two nights of total sleep deprivation which respectively greatly reduce and essentially abolish the CNV recorded the subsequent day (Naitoh, Johnson and Lubin, 1971).…”

The Effect of Lithium Carbonate on the Sleep of Depressed Patients

“…Initial reports were of a reduction in REM sleep (9, 11, 21, 33) while others noted normal or slightly increased REM time (35,40). More recent studies indicate a relatively high percentage of REM sleep as well as a pressure to achieve REM sleep in many depressed patients (18,22). There has been considerable speculation as to the significance of these changes in sleep with depression, as well as whether the therapeutic effects of the antidepressant drugs are related to their effects on sleep (1,21,22,33,35,38).…”

Sleep onset insomnia: Personality characteristics and treatment outcomes.

“…Research has delineated significant Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) differences between primary (normal) insomniacs and noninsomniacs (Kales, Caldwell, Preston, Healey, & Kales, 1976). Although changes in MMPI profiles related to age and gender have been noted (Gilberstadt & Duker, 1965) and severity and chronicity of insomnia have been reported to vary directly with the severity and chronicity of psychiatric disorders (Mendels & Hawkins, 1967), adequate controls on these variables have not been instituted in research with primary insomniacs.…”