SKIP is an indispensable factor for
            <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>
            development

Housa, Daniel; Kostrouch, Zdeněk; Saudek, Vladimı́r; Rall, J. E.

doi:10.1073/pnas.112213799

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…Loss of bir-1 activity postembryonically results in multiple developmental defects and a decrease of histone H3 phosphoacetylation. RNAi delivered by feeding bacteria producing dsRNA specific for bir-1 leads to strong phenotypes (Egl, dpy, and larval lethality) that overlaps with CeSKIP loss of function (17). However, some characteristic phenotypic changes of bir-1 and CeSKIP loss of function differ.…”

Section: Discussion Bir-1 Loss Of Function Triggers Developmental Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In C. elegans, bir-1 has only been linked thus far to spindle midzone formation and cytokinesis (14,15). Our previous work noted that bir-1 is expressed from an operon with the transcription cofactor SKI-binding protein (SKIP; skp-1) (17). In C. elegans, genes expressed from an operon are often functionally linked (18,19), suggesting that bir-1 may also have a transcriptional function related to C. elegans SKIP (CeSKIP).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…CeSKIP is indispensable for C. elegans development, and its loss-of-function phenotype partially overlaps with that of nuclear hormone receptor CHR3 (nhr-23) (17). CeSKIP and bir-1 are expressed strongly during embryonic development and continue to be expressed in certain postmitotic cells to adulthood (17). Furthermore, bir-1 can mediate phosphorylation of histone H3 on serine 10 (15), a phosphorylation that is involved in promoter activation (6,9,10,13).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In C. elegans, genes expressed from an operon are often functionally linked (18,19), suggesting that bir-1 may also have a transcriptional function related to C. elegans SKIP (CeSKIP). CeSKIP is indispensable for C. elegans development, and its loss-of-function phenotype partially overlaps with that of nuclear hormone receptor CHR3 (nhr-23) (17). CeSKIP and bir-1 are expressed strongly during embryonic development and continue to be expressed in certain postmitotic cells to adulthood (17).…”

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confidence: 99%

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BIR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Survivin, regulates transcription and development

Kostrouch

Saudek²,

Piatigorsky

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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bir-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans inhibitor-of-apoptosis gene homologous to Survivin is organized in an operon with the transcription cofactor C. elegans SKIP (skp-1). Because genes arranged in operons are frequently linked functionally, we have asked whether BIR-1 also functions in transcription. bir-1 inhibition resulted in multiple developmental defects that overlapped with C. elegans SKIP loss-of-function phenotypes: retention of eggs, dumpy, movement defects, and lethality. bir-1 RNA-mediated interference decreased expression of several gfp transgenes and the endogenous genes dpy-7 and hlh-1. Immunoblot analysis revealed decreased phosphoacetylated histones in bir-1 RNA-mediated interferencetreated worms. In a heterologous transfection system, BIR-1 augments thyroid hormone-regulated transcription and has an additive effect with SKIP. These results show that BIR-1 functions in the regulation of transcription and development. M odulation of specific gene transcription depends on orchestrated events involving the modification of chromatin and cooperation between RNA polymerase II and supporting factors. A large number of events participate in this process including the assembly of RNA polymerase II active complex on particular promoters, cooperation and modification of TFII transcription factors, and interactions with numerous cofactors (for review see ref. 1). Modification of chromatin proteins such as acetylation, methylation, and phosphorylation further influences transcription activation or repression and represents another level of regulation (2-6). Regulation of gene transcription includes complex chromatin reorganization. During this process, histones in promoter regions as well as proteins involved in transcription complex are modified covalently. Modification of histones H3 and H4 includes methylation, acetylation, and phosphorylation of N-terminal residues. A growing number of cofactors and specific enzymes with methyltransferase, acetyltransferase, and aminotransferase activity were shown recently also to precede acetylation and contribute to the activation of transcription (3,7,8). Phosphorylation of histones is part of mitotic chromosome condensation but was shown recently also to precede acetylation and contribute to the activation of transcription (9-13).The Caenorhabditis elegans baculoviral inhibitor-of-apoptosis repeat protein 1 (bir-1) gene in C. elegans encodes a homolog of the human gene Survivin (14,15). Survivin in mammals functions as an inhibitor of apoptosis (16). In C. elegans, bir-1 has only been linked thus far to spindle midzone formation and cytokinesis (14, 15). Our previous work noted that bir-1 is expressed from an operon with the transcription cofactor SKI-binding protein (SKIP; skp-1) (17). In C. elegans, genes expressed from an operon are often functionally linked (18,19), suggesting that bir-1 may also have a transcriptional function related to C. elegans SKIP (CeSKIP). CeSKIP is indispensable for C. elegans development, and its loss-of-function phenotype partially overlaps...

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Section: Discussion Bir-1 Loss Of Function Triggers Developmental Chamentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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BIR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Survivin, regulates transcription and development

Kostrouch

Saudek²,

Piatigorsky

et al. 2003

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…10 and 11), and GFP (for review, see Refs. [12][13][14]. Although time course studies of gene expression have been determined by real time imaging with these reporter genes, intracellular assays present difficulties for continuous measurements in some cases.…”

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Cloning and Expression of cDNA for a Luciferase from the Marine Copepod Metridia longa

Markova

Gölz

Frank

et al. 2004

Journal of Biological Chemistry

139

133

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Metridia longa is a marine copepod from which a blue bioluminescence originates as a secretion from epidermal glands in response to various stimuli. We demonstrate that Metridia luciferase is specific for coelenterazine to produce blue light ( max ‫؍‬ 480 nm). Using an expression cDNA library and functional screening, we cloned and sequenced the cDNA encoding the Metridia luciferase. The cDNA is an 897-bp fragment with a 656-bp open reading frame, which encodes a 219-amino acid polypeptide with a molecular weight of 23,885. The polypeptide contains an N-terminal signal peptide of 17 amino acid residues for secretion. On expression of the Metridia luciferase gene in mammalian Chinese hamster ovary cells the luciferase is detected in the culture medium confirming the existence of a naturally occurring signal peptide for secretion in the cloned luciferase. The novel secreted luciferase was tested in a practical assay application in which the activity of A2a and NPY2 G-protein-coupled receptors was detected. These results clearly suggest that the secreted Metridia luciferase is well suited as a reporter for monitoring gene expression and, in particular, for the development of novel ultrahigh throughput screening technologies.Continuous monitoring of dynamic changes in gene expression from living cells in response to various stimuli provides important information about cell physiology. For this purpose bioluminescent and fluorescent reporters have been introduced as tools for sensitive and convenient monitoring of gene expression. A cDNA encoding a bioluminescent or fluorescent reporter such as a luciferase or green fluorescent protein (GFP) 1 is fused to the promoter region of the target gene, and the construct is transfected to mammalian cells. The gene expression is monitored simply by measuring light emitted through an enzymatic reaction or fluorescence. To date several bioluminescent proteins have been widely and successfully used for optical monitoring of gene expression in living cells: firefly luciferase (FL) (for review, see Refs. 1-3), bacterial luciferase (for review, see Refs. 4 -6), the Ca 2ϩ -regulated photoprotein aequorin (for review, see Refs. 7-9), Renilla luciferase (for review, see Refs. 10 and 11), and GFP (for review, see . Although time course studies of gene expression have been determined by real time imaging with these reporter genes, intracellular assays present difficulties for continuous measurements in some cases. For instance, it is not easy to keep an intracellular concentration of luciferin at a constant level in the case of application of firefly and Renilla luciferases. In the case of FL, additional methods may be required to facilitate the passage of the substrate across the cell membrane. In addition, the intensity and stability of the bioluminescent response of FL in living cells are reported to be affected by concentrations of ATP, luciferin, and luciferin-luciferase complex (15, 16). Despite the fact that the GFP possesses excellent properties as a reporter, it has some short...

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Transcriptional coregulator SNW/SKIP: the concealed tie of dissimilar pathways

Folk

Půta

Skružný

2004

CMLS, Cell. Mol. Life Sci.

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Eukaryotic gene expression requires that all the steps of messenger RNA production are regulated in concert to integrate the diverse inputs cells receive. We discuss the functioning of SNW/SKIP, an essential spliceosomal component and transcriptional coregulator, which may provide regulatory coupling of transcription initiation and splicing. SNW/SKIP potentiates the activity of important transcription factors, such as vitamin D receptor, CBF1 (RBP-Jkappa), Smad2/3, and MyoD. It synergizes with Ski in overcoming pRb-mediated cell cycle arrest, and it is targeted by the viral transactivators EBNA2 and E7. SNW/SKIP may aid in conformational transition of the gene expression machine through its avidity to nuclear matrix fractions or by recruiting foldases such as the prolyl isomerase PPIL1. The extensive list of SNW/SKIP partners, its unique primary structure, conserved from yeast to humans, and its essential character suggest a distinct function of general importance.

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SKIP is an indispensable factor for Caenorhabditis elegans development

Cited by 26 publications

References 45 publications

BIR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Survivin, regulates transcription and development

BIR-1, a Caenorhabditis elegans homologue of Survivin, regulates transcription and development

Cloning and Expression of cDNA for a Luciferase from the Marine Copepod Metridia longa

Transcriptional coregulator SNW/SKIP: the concealed tie of dissimilar pathways

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