Skin thickness measurements for optimal intradermal injections in children

Mulder, T.J.S. Van; Nuffel, Dieter Van; Demolder, M.; Meyer, Guido R.Y. De; Moens, S.; Beyers, Koen; Vankerckhoven, Vanessa; Damme, Pierre Van; Theeten, Heidi

doi:10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.002

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…An increase in microneedle height can lead to intensified pain [9]. Van Mulder et al reported that the optimal microneedle height should not exceed 700 μm for application in children ages: 8 weeks to 18 years old [12]. While Gill et al concluded that the microneedle width base does not significantly impact pain, the shape of the base compromises the insertion into the skin [9].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of geometrical dimensions and puncture feasibility of microneedles manufactured by micromilling

Tamez-Tamez

Vázquez

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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Microneedles are an emerging technology designed to deliver drugs into human tissue. In this work, we assess the microneedle’s manufacturability by employing micromilling with a minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) system. A set of AISI 316L square pyramidal microneedles was fabricated and characterized using dimensional and surface metrology. Needle height (Hn), base length (Lb), tip radius (Rt), and the tip’s angle (θ) were studied. Additionally, surface roughness was quantified to correlate surface topography damage with tool wear (Dr). Experimental data shows tip truncation after manufacturing 30 needles (i.e., a tip radius between ~32 μm and 49 μm for manufacturing 10 and 30 needles, respectively). Additionally, to evaluate the effect of the tip’s morphology on the proficiency of the microneedles for a puncture, a numerical analysis to study the impact of tip truncation length (Tt) on puncture with an in silico assessment using COMSOL Multiphysics was performed. Data and insights from this work suggest that micromilling microneedle arrays is viable, considering the number of needles machined according to the cutting parameters selected to ensure functionality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, Nalluri et al showed that a 1.5 mm height demonstrated the best cell activation in the dermis, increasing drug absorption [11]. Van Mulder et al demonstrated that needle length should not exceed 700 μm to guarantee intradermal puncture in children [12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of geometrical dimensions and puncture feasibility of microneedles manufactured by micromilling

Tamez-Tamez

Vázquez

Rodrı́guez

et al. 2023

Int J Adv Manuf Technol

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“…33 Although skin thickness at this age does not differ between the sexes, the influence of sex hormones on the Th1/Th2 cytokine pattern or the presence of estrogen receptors on lymphocytes and macrophages could influence the susceptibility to infectious disorders, including scabies. 34 Possible future therapeutic options for scabies in infants include the macrocyclic lactone moxidectin, which has shown high effectiveness against Sarcoptes scabiei in vitro and in animal models and is currently being evaluated for use against human scabies. 35,36 off-label J o u r n a l P r e -p r o o f 14 administration of ivermectin to infants of <15 kg body weight was reported to be welltolerated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children

Riebenbauer

Weber

Haitel

et al. 2022

The Journal of Pediatrics

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“…However, thickness measurements of children's skin of legs and arms below 2 mm were reported (Waller and Maibach 2005). Relatively recent studies also indicated an overall skin thickness increase with age at various anatomical locations (Derraik et al 2014, Van Mulder et al 2020. Combined with a predicted lower effective dose, the STT data point to a more plausible in vivo bone Pb LXRF in children.…”

Section: In Vivo Bone Pb Measurements Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

A novel calibration for L-shell x-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead concentration using the strontium Kβ/Kα ratio

Gherase¹,

Serna²,

Kroeker³

2021

Physiol. Meas.

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Objective. Lead (Pb) is a well-known toxic element. In vivo bone Pb concentration measurement is a long-term exposure metric complementary to blood Pb concentration measurement which is a metric of recent exposure. In vivo human tibia bone Pb measurements using Pb K-shell or L-shell x-ray fluorescence (KXRF or LXRF) emissions were developed in the 1980s. KXRF bone Pb measurements using Cd-109 gamma rays and coherent-to-fluorescence ratio to account for differences between phantom and in vivo measurements, was employed in human studies. Bone Pb LXRF method employed x-ray tubes. However, calibration procedures using ultrasound measurements of the soft tissue thickness (STT) proved inaccurate. Approach. In this study, bone and soft tissue (ST) phantoms simulated in vivo bone Pb measurements. Seven plaster-of-Paris cylindrical bone phantoms containing 1.01 mg g−1 of strontium (Sr) were doped with Pb in 0, 8, 16, 29, 44, 59, and 74 μg g−1 concentrations. Polyoxymethylene (POM), resin, and wax were each used to fabricate four ST phantoms in the approximate 1–4 mm thickness range. Pb LXRF measurements were performed using a previously developed optimal grazing incidence position method. Main results. Linear attenuation coefficients measurements of ST materials indicated that POM and resin mimicked well attenuation of Pb x-rays in skin and adipose tissue, respectively. POM and resin data indicated a bone Pb detection limit of 20 μg g−1 for a 2 mm STT. Derived relationships between the Pb concentration, Pb LXRF and Sr K β /K α ratio data did not require STT knowledge. Applied to POM and resin data, the new calibration method yielded unbiased results. Significance. In vivo bone Pb measurements in children were suggested following considerations of radiation dose, STT, detectability and distribution of Pb and Sr in bone. This research meets with the concerns regarding the negative effects of low levels of Pb exposure on neurodevelopment of children.

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Skin thickness measurements for optimal intradermal injections in children

Cited by 7 publications

References 22 publications

Assessment of geometrical dimensions and puncture feasibility of microneedles manufactured by micromilling

Assessment of geometrical dimensions and puncture feasibility of microneedles manufactured by micromilling

Comparison of Permethrin-Based Treatment Strategies against Scabies in Infants and Young Children

A novel calibration for L-shell x-ray fluorescence measurements of bone lead concentration using the strontium Kβ/Kα ratio

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