Skin cancers in organ transplant recipients

Euvrard, Sylvie; Kanitakis, Jean; Pouteil‐Noble, Claire; Chardonnet, Y; Dureau, G; Touraine, Jean Louis; Schmitt, Daniel; Faure, Michel; Claudy, A; Thivolet, J

doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0175-9_9

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 36 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Evidence exists for a strong correlation between the risk to develop skin cancer and immunosuppression. Chronically immunosuppressed individuals, like transplant patients, exhibit a significantly enhanced risk for skin cancer (29). Many factors may be involved in this process, including drugs like azathioprine, which, as recently shown, in concert with UVA radiation, may synergistically enhance mutagenicity (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Photocarcinogenesis in Interleukin-12–Deficient Mice

Maeda¹,

Schneider

Kojima

et al. 2006

Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

UV-induced DNA damage is the basis for the development of UV-mediated skin cancer because reduction of DNA damage lowers the risk for photocarcinogenesis. The cytokine interleukin (IL)-12 was shown to exhibit the capacity to reduce UV-induced DNA damage presumably via induction of nucleotide excision repair. Because IL-12 is also produced in the skin, we wondered whether endogenous IL-12 protects from photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, we used knockout mice that lack the IL-12p40 chain and thus do not secrete biologically active IL-12. IL-12p40 knockout (IL-12p40-/-) and wild-type (wt) mice were exposed thrice weekly to UV. Skin biopsies obtained after 6 weeks revealed significantly increased numbers of sunburn cells in IL-12p40-/- mice. Additionally, a higher load of UV-induced pyrimidine dimers could be detected in the skin of UV-exposed IL-12p40-/- mice. Staining of epidermal sheets with an antibody against the tumor suppressor gene p53 revealed a higher number of p53 patches in the skin of IL-12p40-/- mice. After approximately 200 days, first skin tumors developed. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated a significantly increased probability of tumor development in the IL-12p40-/- mice. In addition, the number of tumors developing in the individual mice was significantly higher in IL-12p40-/- mice than in wt mice. Tumors obtained in IL-12p40-/- mice grew faster than those obtained from wt mice on inoculation into nu/nu mice. This was confirmed in an electrophysiologic assay evaluating the intrinsic invasive potency of tumor cells. Together, these data indicate that IL-12 deficiency is associated with an increased risk to develop UV-induced skin cancer, implying that endogenous IL-12 may protect from photocarcinogenesis.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Photocarcinogenesis in Interleukin-12–Deficient Mice

Maeda¹,

Schneider

Kojima

et al. 2006

Cancer Research

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…15–17 However, non-virus–associated tumors, particularly skin cancers, have been associated with pharmacologic immunosuppression in the context of organ transplantation. 18 …”

Section: Evidence Pro and Con For Immune Surveillance Of Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Cancer and the Immune System: Basic Concepts and Targets for Intervention

Pardoll

2015

Seminars in Oncology

232

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

A number of consensuses regarding cancer immunology have recently emerged from both preclinical immunotherapy models and analysis of cancer patients. First and foremost, the natural state of endogenous tumor reactive T cells is characterized by general hyporesponsiveness or anergy. This is likely due to a number of mechanisms that tumors use to induce tolerance as they develop. While many of the newer generation vaccines can effectively transfer antigen to and activate dendritic cells, T-cell tolerance remains a major barrier that is difficult to overcome by vaccination alone. Preclinical models demonstrate that for poorly immunogenic tumors, once tolerance has been established, therapeutic vaccines alone are ineffective at curing animals with a significant established tumor burden. However, combination strategies of vaccination together with inhibitors of immunologic checkpoints and agonists for co-stimulatory pathways are proving capable of overcoming tolerance and generating significant anti-tumor responses even in cases of established metastatic cancer.

show abstract

“…These lesions also tended to be poorly differentiated, as seen by histology in 15 of 19 patients with SCC. [2][3][4]19,21 Although sun exposure is a factor, all pointed to immunosuppression as a precipitating factor, whether by allowing oncogenic viruses to thrive or because the density of inflammatory cellular peritumoral response is less in the organ transplant population. Despite standard surgery and radiotherapy, outcomes were generally poor in this patient population.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Aggressive Scc Of Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2,[4][5][6] Several case series and retrospective analyses have speculated as to why the organ transplant population has such a high incidence of metastatic skin cancer. [10][11][12][17][18][19] For this review, we examined the literature to determine the characteristics of SCC of the skin that would indicate a need for systemic therapy, the current methods available to treat this disease, and how similar types of cancer are treated for a framework to future advances in treating SCC of the skin. 3,[7][8][9][10][11][12] Certainly, immunosuppression plays a large role, and most of these studies discuss the urgent need to reduce immunosuppression when a patient develops recurrent SCC of the skin.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin in Organ Transplant Recipients

Wells

Shirai

2012

American Journal of Clinical Oncology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

During the second half of the 20th century, organ transplantation saved thousands of lives. This, unfortunately, also led to unforeseen consequences that need to be addressed to help extend the lives of patients who require these life-saving procedures. Secondary malignancies have been recognized as a potential consequence for decades. One of these malignancies, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, not only appears more frequently in organ transplant recipients than the general population, but also is more aggressive in organ transplant recipients. It also shows a high propensity to nodal spread and metastasis in transplant patients. Unfortunately, there are no clear guidelines for a chemotherapy in this population, who have an increased need for alternative therapies to surgery given the high recurrence and metastasis rate. In this review, we attempt to describe the characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin in transplant recipients and discuss what chemotherapeutic options can be used to treat this aggressive malignancy.

show abstract

Skin cancers in organ transplant recipients

Cited by 24 publications

References 36 publications

Enhanced Photocarcinogenesis in Interleukin-12–Deficient Mice

Enhanced Photocarcinogenesis in Interleukin-12–Deficient Mice

Cancer and the Immune System: Basic Concepts and Targets for Intervention

Systemic Therapy for Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin in Organ Transplant Recipients

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About