Skin and Skin Disease Throughout Life

Millington, G. W. M.; Graham‐Brown, R.A.C.

doi:10.1002/9781444317633.ch8

Cited by 17 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 255 publications

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“…From birth to maturity, the skin surface area increases sevenfold (46). The aging process does little to alter cutaneous barrier function, as the stratum corneum thickness, number of layers, and resistance against water diffusion have been shown in microscopy and ultrasound studies to be similar in both pediatric and adult populations (45).…”

Section: Factors Affecting Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin biology

Hwa

Bauer

Cohen

2011

Dermatologic Therapy

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The development of topical drug delivery systems has recently gained significant interest due to the ease of administration and lesser risks of systemic toxicity. The development of these new technologies utilizes the properties of the structure and function of the skin. The stratum corneum plays the largest role in affecting drug permeation, as the corneocytes and lipid matrix in this layer effectively prevent the diffusion of large molecules. In this review, we introduce the structure and function of the skin as it relates to topical drug delivery.

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Section: Factors Affecting Barrier Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Skin biology

Hwa

Bauer

Cohen

2011

Dermatologic Therapy

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“…[23] Human skin like all other organs, undergoes chronological aging and aging as a consequence of environmental damage (photoaging). Aging skin has a marked susceptibility to dermatologic disorders due to the structural and physiologic changes that occur as a consequence of intrinsic and extrinsic aging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aging in elderly: Chronological versus photoaging

et al. 2012

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Background:Skin is a window to aging changes, a biological reality. There is a dearth of studies regarding the various chronological (intrinsic) aging and photoaging (extrinsic) changes seen in Asians. This study was undertaken to detect the clinical pattern of aging skin changes and dermatoses seen in the elderly.Materials and Methods:This was a descriptive study conducted on 500 consecutive elderly individuals attending the Dermatology out-patient department. The severity of photoaging was graded using Glogau scale.Results:Most of the population had skin type IV and V. Majority (415, 83%) of our cases had chronological aging without photoaging and the remaining 85 (17%) individuals had photoaging along with chronological aging. The common skin changes due to chronological aging were thin skin, fine wrinkles, xerosis, and loss of elasticity. Photoaging changes such as dyspigmentation, freckles, thick skin, deep wrinkles, melasma, citrine skin, senile purpura, pseudostellate scar, acrokeratoelastoidosis marginalis, and lentigines were less frequent in our study. Smoking and prolonged sun exposure was the risk factors aggravating photoaging. The most common dermatosis was pruritus in 248 (49.6%) individuals, of which 149 (29.8%) had pruritus associated with xerosis. Contact dermatitis was more common in males. Fungal infections were frequently seen in females. Seborrhoeic keratosis (253, 50.6%) was the most common benign neoplasm more commonly seen in males. Cutaneous malignancies were less common in our study population.Conclusion:Photoaging changes were less common than chronological aging changes in skin type IV. Chronological changes were more frequent in females than males, while photoaging was more frequent in males.

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“…[2] Histologically, STs is a polypoid lesion with overlying mildly acanthotic epidermis, a loose, edematous fibrovascular core exhibiting mild chronic inflammation and a nerveless dermis. [3] They often develop in areas of skin friction.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A clinical evaluation of skin tags in relation to obesity, type 2 diabetis mellitus, age, and sex

Safoury

Ibrahim

2011

Indian J Dermatol

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Background:Skin tags (STs) have been investigated as a marker of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), yet the relation of STs to obesity is still a matter of controversy.Aim:The aim of the study is to explore the relation of number, size and color of STs to obesity, diabetes, sex and age in one study.Methods:The study included 245 nondiabetic (123 males and 122 females) and 276 diabetic (122 males and 154 females) subjects. We recorded age, sex, body mass index (BMI), relevant habits, STs color, size, and number in different anatomical sites.Results:The presence and the mean number of STs was more in obese than nonobese participants (P = 0.006 and P < 0.001, respectively) and was not affected by sex. However, the number increased significantly with age. The presence of mixed-color STs was related to obese (P < 0.001) participants. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that only BMI was significantly associated with the mixed-color STs (OR = 3.5, P < 0.001). The association of DM (OR = 1.7) with mixed-color STs was nonsignificant (P = 0.073). Neither age nor sex had any association with mixed-color STs. Within cases that developed mixed-color STs, the multivariate analysis showed that only BMI had a significant correlation to the number of STs (beta = 0.256, P = 0.034).Conclusion:The study showed that not only the number but also the presence of mixed-color ST was related to obesity, but not to diabetes. The presence of mixed-color STs in nondiabetic subjects needs close inspection of BMI.

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Skin and Skin Disease Throughout Life

Cited by 17 publications

References 255 publications

Skin biology

Skin biology

Aging in elderly: Chronological versus photoaging

A clinical evaluation of skin tags in relation to obesity, type 2 diabetis mellitus, age, and sex

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