Skeletal Muscle and Bone – Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

Sun, Hui; Sherrier, Matthew; Li, Hongshuai

doi:10.3389/fphys.2021.625287

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 162 publications

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“…Age-related changes in postprandial glucose and insulin have been well established [107,124], but more recently, age-specific changes in the postprandial dynamics of fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) have also been shown, resulting in considerably higher values in older compared to younger adults [125]. FGF21 is an important metabolic parameter which regulates glucose and lipid metabolism, but higher levels in older adults are paradoxically associated with higher mortality [126] and have been implicated in the loss of muscle [127,128] and bone mass [129] as well as in the cachexia anorexia syndrome in old hospitalized patients [130]. Altered postprandial regulation of FGF21 might contribute to explain the higher values.…”

Section: Age-associated Changes As Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

2021

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Malnutrition in older adults has been recognised as a challenging health concern associated with not only increased mortality and morbidity, but also with physical decline, which has wide ranging acute implications for activities of daily living and quality of life in general. Malnutrition is common and may also contribute to the development of the geriatric syndromes in older adults. Malnutrition in the old is reflected by either involuntary weight loss or low body mass index, but hidden deficiencies such as micronutrient deficiencies are more difficult to assess and therefore frequently overlooked in the community-dwelling old. In developed countries, the most cited cause of malnutrition is disease, as both acute and chronic disorders have the potential to result in or aggravate malnutrition. Therefore, as higher age is one risk factor for developing disease, older adults have the highest risk of being at nutritional risk or becoming malnourished. However, the aetiology of malnutrition is complex and multifactorial, and the development of malnutrition in the old is most likely also facilitated by ageing processes. This comprehensive narrative review summarizes current evidence on the prevalence and determinants of malnutrition in old adults spanning from age-related changes to disease-associated risk factors, and outlines remaining challenges in the understanding, identification as well as treatment of malnutrition, which in some cases may include targeted supplementation of macro- and/or micronutrients, when diet alone is not sufficient to meet age-specific requirements.

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Section: Age-associated Changes As Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

2021

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“…Myokines are cytokines such as interleukine-6 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) influencing glucose liver metabolism, lipolysis in the adipose tissue, pancreatic beta-cell and neuron vitality [6]. After muscular contraction, the myokine production is important to prevent the development of a proinflammatory status and metabolic imbalance starting sarcopenia and fat accumulation [8][9][10] (Fig. 2).…”

Section: Clinical Relevance Of Sarcopenia and The Endocrine Function Of The Skeletal Musclementioning

confidence: 99%

Sarcopenia: how to measure, when and why

et al. 2022

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Sarcopenia indicates a loss of skeletal muscle mass, a condition that leads to a decline in physical performance. In 2018, the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People met to update the original definition of sarcopenia: New scientific and clinical insights were introduced to emphasize the importance of muscle strength loss as a prime indicator of probable sarcopenia. In addition, the skeletal muscle is not only the organ related to mobility, but it is recognized as a secondary secretory organ too, with endocrine functions influencing several systems and preserving health. In this perspective, radiology could have a major role in early detection of sarcopenia and guarantee improvement in its treatment in clinical practice. We present here an update of clinical knowledge about sarcopenia and advantages and limitations of radiological evaluation of sarcopenia focusing on major body composition imaging modalities such as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, CT, and MRI. In addition, we discuss controversial such as the lack of consensus or standardization, different measurement methods, and diagnostic radiological cutoff points. Sarcopenia evaluation with radiological methods could enhance the role of radiologist in performing studies with relevant impact on medical and social outcome, placing radiology at the pinnacle of quality in evidence-based practice with high-level studies.

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“…Nevertheless, the role of Grem1 as a myokine remains largely unexplored. In addition, Fgf21 has emerged as a regulator of substrate metabolism [41], whereas Dpp3 is known to coordinate oxidative stress, inflammation and apoptosis [42].…”

Section: Secretomics Analysis and Filter For Secreted Proteinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Insulin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleotide (AICAR) Differentially Regulate the Skeletal Muscle Cell Secretome

et al. 2021

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Skeletal muscle is a major contributor to whole-body glucose homeostasis and is an important endocrine organ. To date, few studies have undertaken the large-scale identification of skeletal muscle-derived secreted proteins (myokines), particularly in response to stimuli that activate pathways governing energy metabolism in health and disease. Whereas the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and insulin-signaling pathways have received notable attention for their ability to independently regulate skeletal muscle substrate metabolism, little work has examined their ability to re-pattern the secretome. The present study coupled the use of high-resolution MS-based proteomics and bioinformatics analysis of conditioned media derived from 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR—an AMPK activator)- and insulin-treated differentiated C2C12 myotubes. We quantified 858 secreted proteins, including cytokines and growth factors such as fibroblast growth factor-21 (Fgf21). We identified 377 and 118 proteins that were significantly altered by insulin and AICAR treatment, respectively. Notably, the family of insulin growth factor binding-proteins (Igfbp) was differentially regulated by each treatment. Insulin- but not AICAR-induced conditioned media increased the mitochondrial respiratory capacity of myotubes, potentially via secreted factors. These findings may serve as an important resource to elucidate secondary metabolic effects of insulin and AICAR stimulation in skeletal muscle.

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Skeletal Muscle and Bone – Emerging Targets of Fibroblast Growth Factor-21

Cited by 33 publications

References 162 publications

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

Malnutrition in Older Adults—Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges

Sarcopenia: how to measure, when and why

Insulin and 5-Aminoimidazole-4-Carboxamide Ribonucleotide (AICAR) Differentially Regulate the Skeletal Muscle Cell Secretome

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