Size-induced enhanced magnetoelectric effect and multiferroicity in chromium oxide nanoclusters

Halley, D.; Najjari, N.; Majjad, Hicham; Joly, L.; Ohresser, P.; Scheurer, F.; Ulhaq‐Bouillet, C.; Berciaud, Stéphane; Doudin, B.; Henry, Y.

doi:10.1038/ncomms4167

Cited by 33 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Recently, a dramatic increase in the magnetoelectric susceptibility of chromia nanoparticles has been reported. 22 The authors of Ref. 22 interpret the increase of the magnetoelectric response in terms of a strain-induced effect.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…22 The authors of Ref. 22 interpret the increase of the magnetoelectric response in terms of a strain-induced effect. We find it far more likely that the reported observation reveals an increase in the effective magnetoelectric susceptibility as a result of the increase in the number of surface spins contributing to boundary magnetization in nanosized chromia particles relative to the bulk in a nanoparticle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics

Street

Echtenkamp

Komesu

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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Boron doped chromia (Cr2O3) thin films with substitutional doping levels between zero and 3% are grown using pulsed laser deposition in borane background gases. Magnetometry reveals a tunable increase in the Néel temperature of the (0001) textured Cr2BxO3−x thin films at a rate of about 10% with 1% oxygen site substitution preserving a net boundary magnetization. Spin resolved inverse photoemission measured after magnetoelectric annealing in subsequently reversed electric fields evidences voltage-controlled reversal of boundary magnetization and thus magnetoelectricity of Cr2BxO3−x. Conservation of magnetoelectricity far above room temperature makes ultra-low power voltage-controlled spintronic devices feasible.

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics

Street

Echtenkamp

Komesu

et al. 2014

Applied Physics Letters

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“…Hence, the write pulse magnitude is ∼ 100 mV. e electrostatic capacitance for chromia is calculated as 5.8 aF, considering a relative permi ivity of 11 for chromia [30]. Figure 3 shows the transient read/write operations of the ME-AFMRAM cell.…”

Section: Anomalous Hall Readoutmentioning

confidence: 99%

SMART: A Secure Magnetoelectric AntifeRromagnet-Based Tamper-Proof Non-Volatile Memory

et al. 2020

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Data the and tampering are serious concerns as a ackers have aggressively begun to exploit weaknesses in current memory systems to advance their nefarious schemes. e storage industry is moving toward emerging non-volatile memories (NVM), including the spin-transfer torque magnetoresistive random access memory (STT-MRAM) and the phase change memory (PCM), owing to their high density and low power operation. e advent of novel memory technologies has led to new vulnerabilities including data sensitivity to magnetic eld and temperature uctuations and data persistence a er power down. In this paper, we propose SMART: a Secure Magnetoelectric Antiferromagnet-Based Tamper-Proof memory, which leverages unique properties of antiferromagnetic materials and offers dense, on-chip non-volatile storage. SMART memory is not only resilient against data con dentiality a acks seeking to leak sensitive information but also protects data integrity and prevents Denial of Service (DoS) a acks on the memory. It is impervious to power side-channel a acks, which exploit asymmetric reads/writes for '0' and '1' logic levels, and photonic side-channel a acks, which monitor photo-emission signatures from the chip backside. Further, the ultra-low power magnetoelectric switching coupled with the terahertz regime antiferromagnetic dynamics result in ∼ 4 orders lower energy-per-bit and ∼ 3 orders smaller latency for the SMART memory as compared to prior NVMs such as STT-MRAM and PCM.

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“…For instance, α-Fe2O3 is an AFM insulator and a piezomagnet [10], whereas Fe3O4 is an FM (half) metal that possesses spin polarization larger than Fe metal. The oxides of other transition metals, such as chrome oxides can be half metals or magneto electric in their bulk state and exhibit remarkable emergent properties upon nano-scaling [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. These metals and oxides, when confined and protected within CNT, can thus provide huge tunability in their functional properties as well as give rise to new emergent phenomena that are possible at the interface of these hybrids [9,[13][14][15][16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

3d transition metals and oxides within carbon nanotubes by co-pyrolysis of metallocene & camphor: High filling efficiency and self-organized structures

Kapoor

Singh

Dey

et al. 2018

Carbon

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We demonstrate that a single zone furnace with a modified synthesis chamber design is sufficient to obtain metal (Fe, Co or Ni) filled carbon nanotubes (CNT) with high filling efficiency and controlled morphology. Samples are formed by pyrolysis of metallocenes, a synthesis technique that otherwise requires a dual zone furnace. Respective metallocene in all three cases are sublimed in powder form, a crucial factor for obtaining high filling efficiency.While Fe@CNT is routinely produced using this technique, well-formed Ni@CNT orCo@CNT samples are reported for the first time. This is achieved by sublimation of nickelocene (or cobaltocene) in combination with 'camphor'. These samples exhibit some of the highest saturation magnetization (Ms) values, at least an order of magnitude higher than that reported for Ni or Co@CNT, by aerosol assisted pyrolysis. The results also elucidate on why Ni or Co@CNT are relatively difficult to obtain by pyrolyzing powder metallocene 2 alone. Overall, a systematic variation of synthesis parameters provides insights for obtaining narrow length and diameter distribution and reduced residue particles outside filled CNTfactors which are important for device related applications. Finally, the utility of this technique is demonstrated by obtaining highly aligned forest of Fe2O3@CNT, wherein Fe2O3 is a functional magnetic oxide relevant to spintronics and battery applications.

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Size-induced enhanced magnetoelectric effect and multiferroicity in chromium oxide nanoclusters

Cited by 33 publications

References 49 publications

Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics

Increasing the Néel temperature of magnetoelectric chromia for voltage-controlled spintronics

SMART: A Secure Magnetoelectric AntifeRromagnet-Based Tamper-Proof Non-Volatile Memory

3d transition metals and oxides within carbon nanotubes by co-pyrolysis of metallocene & camphor: High filling efficiency and self-organized structures

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