Size and shape of the Eurasian wild boar (<i>Sus scrofa</i>), with a view to the reconstruction of its Holocene history

Albarella, Umberto; Dobney, Keith; Rowley‐Conwy, Peter

doi:10.1179/146141009x12481709928283

Cited by 81 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…60, 61, 64, 67-68 and 63-64 respectively). The measurements correspond with those defined by von den Driesch (1976) and Leceia may, however, raise a further complexity: wild boar size sometimes increases in Neolithic contexts (Albarella, Davis et al 2005;Albarella, Dobney and Rowley-Conwy 2009;Albarella, Tagliacozzo et al 2006). We must clearly be cautious before comparing between sites even within Spain and Portugal (Rowley-Conwy 1995); and the Zambujal wild boar were themselves much smaller than those from Ringkloster in Denmark (Fig.…”

Section: Geographical Variability In Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Wild boar were introduced during the Early Holocene to Okinawa ) and the Izu Islands (Yamazaki et al 2005). In contrast to the Irish boar, the Cypriot, Okinawan and Izu boar subsequently reduced in size (modern Okinawan wild boar are the world's smallest), but a review of wild boar sizes across the Old World shows that this follows the expected pattern: wild boar become smaller on small islands like Okinawa, but Ireland is so large that this did not happen (Albarella et al 2009). A recent study has found no evidence that mainland Japanese boar were managed (Hongo et al 2007), so the situation there appears similar to Ireland except for the insular dwarfing.…”

Section: Biogeography: Pigs On Islandsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Wild, feral and domestic pigs are now present on Corsica and Sardinia. Insularity has had a major effect: size has reduced since the Neolithic, and the modern wild boar are the second smallest in the world, after Okinawa (Albarella, Dobney and Rowley-Conwy 2009). Red deer were introduced in the Neolithic (Vigne 1988)-but, as with the fallow deer on Crete (see above), this has no bearing on whether the pigs were wild or domestic.…”

Section: Biogeography: Pigs On Islandsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Wild boar on Taiwan are however larger than those on Okinawa, and similar in size to those on Honshu, which suggests that climate is not the only factor involved in determining size on Okinawa (Yamazaki et al 2005, p. 169). The largest wild boar in eastern Eurasia are Sus scrofa ussuricus from the Russian Far East (Albarella et al 2009). …”

Section: Geographical Variability In Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 98%

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Distinguishing Wild Boar from Domestic Pigs in Prehistory: A Review of Approaches and Recent Results

2012

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New methods permit archaeologists to distinguish between wild boar and domestic pigs with greater confidence than has been hitherto possible. Metrical methods are the most commonly used; these are reviewed. Assemblages containing a wider range of measurements (as measured by the coefficient of variation [V]) than is found in one population suggest that two populations of different-sized pigs were present, probably indicating separate wild and domestic populations with little or no interbreeding. These assemblages, sometimes taken to indicate animals 'intermediate' between wild and domestic, are clear evidence of full domestication. Other traditional means of diagnosing domestication based on age at death (the killing of many young animals) and biogeography (the export of the animal beyond its natural range, especially to islands) are particularly problematic when applied to pigs. New methods include the frequency of Linear Enamel Hypoplasia, which may increase due to domestication-induced stress, the study of diet through isotopes and dental microwear, and the examination of population histories through ancient and modern DNA and geometric morphometrics. These are all promising but should not be considered in isolation: many problems remain.

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Section: Geographical Variability In Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Biogeography: Pigs On Islandsmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Biogeography: Pigs On Islandsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Geographical Variability In Wild Boarmentioning

confidence: 98%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Distinguishing Wild Boar from Domestic Pigs in Prehistory: A Review of Approaches and Recent Results

2012

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“…However, in this study they combine wild boar from a variety of populations from Russia to Morocco , supplementary table 1), despite there being widely recognized regional variation in dental biometrics (Groves 1981;Albarella et al 2009). So it is not surprising that the picture is unclear.…”

Section: Rosenhof Mandible E24mentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesolithic domestic pigs at Rosenhof – or wild boar? A critical re-appraisal of ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics

Rowley‐Conwy

Zeder

2014

World Archaeology

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Geographic variation in body form of prehistoric Jomon males in the Japanese archipelago: Its ecogeographic implications

Fukase

Wakebe

Tsurumoto

et al. 2012

American J Phys Anthropol

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Diversity of human body size and shape is often biogeographically interpreted in association with climatic conditions. According to Bergmann's and Allen's rules, populations in regions with a cold climate are expected to display an overall larger body and smaller/shorter extremities than those in warm/hot environments. In the present study, the skeletal limb size and proportions of prehistoric Jomon hunter-gatherers, who extensively inhabited subarctic to subtropical areas in the ancient Japanese archipelago, were examined to evaluate whether or not the inter-regional differences follow such ecogeographic patterns. Results showed that the Jomon intralimb proportions including relative distal limb lengths did not differ significantly among five regions from northern Hokkaido to the southern Okinawa Islands. This suggests a limited co-variability of the intralimb proportions with climate, particularly within genealogically close populations. In contrast, femoral head breadth (associated with body mass) and skeletal limb lengths were found to be significantly and positively correlated with latitude, suggesting a north-south geographical cline in the body size. This gradient therefore comprehensively conforms to Bergmann's rule, and may stem from multiple potential factors such as phylogenetic constraints, microevolutionary adaptation to climatic/geographic conditions during the Jomon period, and nutritional and physiological response during ontogeny. Specifically, the remarkably small-bodied Jomon in the Okinawa Islands can also be explained as an adjustment to subtropical and insular environments. Thus, the findings obtained in this study indicate that Jomon people, while maintaining fundamental intralimb proportions, displayed body size variation in concert with ambient surroundings.

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Size and shape of the Eurasian wild boar (Sus scrofa), with a view to the reconstruction of its Holocene history

Cited by 81 publications

References 23 publications

Distinguishing Wild Boar from Domestic Pigs in Prehistory: A Review of Approaches and Recent Results

Distinguishing Wild Boar from Domestic Pigs in Prehistory: A Review of Approaches and Recent Results

Mesolithic domestic pigs at Rosenhof – or wild boar? A critical re-appraisal of ancient DNA and geometric morphometrics

Geographic variation in body form of prehistoric Jomon males in the Japanese archipelago: Its ecogeographic implications

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