Sixty gigahertz indoor radio wave propagation prediction method based on full scattering model

Abstract

Key Point:• Sixty gigahertz indoor propagation predicted with point cloud-based full diffuse method. Abstract In radio system deployment, the main focus is on assuring sufficient coverage, which can be estimated with path loss models for specific scenarios. When more detailed performance metrics such as peak throughput are studied, the environment has to be modeled accurately in order to estimate multipath behavior. By means of laser scanning we can acquire very accurate data of indoor environments, but the format of the scanning data, a point cloud, cannot be used directly in available deterministic propagation prediction tools. Therefore, we propose to use a single-lobe directive model, which calculates the electromagnetic field scattering from a small surface and is applicable to the point cloud, and describe the overall field as fully diffuse backscattering from the point cloud. The focus of this paper is to validate the point cloud-based full diffuse propagation prediction method at 60 GHz. The performance is evaluated by comparing characteristics of measured and predicted power delay profiles in a small office room and an ultrasonic inspection room in a hospital. Also directional characteristics are investigated. It is shown that by considering single-bounce scattering only, the mean delay can be estimated with an average error of 2.6% and the RMS delay spread with an average error of 8.2%. The errors when calculating the azimuth and elevation spreads are 2.6• and 0.6 • , respectively. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the applicability of a single parameter set to characterize the propagation channel in all transmit and receive antenna locations in the tested scenarios.

Channel Models and Beamforming at Millimeter-Wave Frequency Bands

“…There are different statements on the required order of reflection, diffraction and scattering for accurate prediction of PDPs; [144] shows that the fourth and sixth order reflections are required to predict small-and medium-sized rooms accurately in terms of the delay spread, while [139] considers first order reflection and diffraction, and foliage loss in outdoor settings, giving reasonable agreement of the received power at 12.5 and 30 GHz. Finally, a recent work [145] indicates that the firstorder scattering may be enough. Different analyses of mmwave channels [43], [146] show that the direct wave and the first-order reflected waves carries most power in LOS propagation environments, while diffraction and second-order reflection play an important role in NLOS propagation.…”

“…The works [145], [157], [158] use a fully-scattering approach to predict radio channels. The approach is based on an accurate structural data of the environment obtained from laser scanning; an example of the structural data is shown in Fig.…”

Impacts of Room Structure Models on the Accuracy of 60 GHz Indoor Radio Propagation Prediction

“…Short-range radio communication systems deployed in indoor environments may be affected by such objects that are usually not visible in the structural data [2], [3]. With laser scanning we can measure the detailed geometry and acquire the accurate structure model in the form of a point cloud [4] without tiring manual work to build 3D maps. Laser scanning is a widely accepted method to document geographical and structural information of the environment and man-made objects [5] in, e.g., architecture, civil engineering, archeology and cultural heritage [6].…”

A Survey of Efficient Ray-Tracing Techniques for Mobile Radio Propagation Analysis

“…An improved model has already been proposed in [39]. In addition, in order to perform scattering analysis with high accuracy, the method in which the ER model is applied to point cloud data of structures that are obtained using a 3D laser scanner, has been actively investigated [40], [41]. …”