Six‐Axis Ground Motion Measurements of Caldera Collapse at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i—More Data, More Puzzles?

Wassermann, Joachim; Bernauer, Felix; Shiro, B.; Johanson, I. A.; Guattari, Frédéric; Igel, Heiner

doi:10.1029/2019gl085999

Cited by 14 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…In seismology, static rotations only occur in the near-field of large earthquakes. Recently, static rotations could be directly observed for the first time during an eruption of the Kilauea volcano using a dedicated rotational seismometer [23]. For weak motion (i.e., seismic waves), the displacement gradient of a deformation in an elastic continuum can be fully described by its symmetric part (i.e., the strain tensor).…”

Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismological Processing of Six Degree-of-Freedom Ground-Motion Data

Sollberger

Igel

Schmelzbach

et al. 2020

Sensors

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Recent progress in rotational sensor technology has made it possible to directly measure rotational ground-motion induced by seismic waves. When combined with conventional inertial seismometer recordings, the new sensors allow one to locally observe six degrees of freedom (6DOF) of ground-motion, composed of three orthogonal components of translational motion and three orthogonal components of rotational motion. The applications of such 6DOF measurements are manifold—ranging from wavefield characterization, separation, and reconstruction to the reduction of non-uniqueness in seismic inverse problems—and have the potential to revolutionize the way seismic data are acquired and processed. However, the seismological community has yet to embrace rotational ground-motion as a new observable. The aim of this paper is to give a high-level introduction into the field of 6DOF seismology using illustrative examples and to summarize recent progress made in this relatively young field. It is intended for readers with a general background in seismology. In order to illustrate the seismological value of rotational ground-motion data, we provide the first-ever 6DOF processing example of a teleseismic earthquake recorded on a multicomponent ring laser observatory and demonstrate how wave parameters (phase velocity, propagation direction, and ellipticity angle) and wave types of multiple phases can be automatically estimated using single-station 6DOF processing tools. Python codes to reproduce this processing example are provided in an accompanying Jupyter notebook.

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Section: Theoretical Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seismological Processing of Six Degree-of-Freedom Ground-Motion Data

Sollberger

Igel

Schmelzbach

et al. 2020

Sensors

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“…An event data base exists (Salvermoser et al, 2017) into which seismic events recorded on the G-ring laser and -as of recently -the ROMY ring laser are written on a daily basis. In the past few years portable broadband sensors that measure rotational ground motions have been developed (Bernauer et al, 2018) and are now being applied in the field (e.g., Yuan et al, 2020b;Wassermann et al, 2020). However, it is important to note that they are approximately three orders of magnitude less sensitive than the ring laser systems, therefore less capable of capturing regular global earthquake-induced wavefields.…”

Section: Earthquake-induced Ground Motionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many developments of this new field (rotational seismology) in terms of instrumentation, theory, and applications have been documented in recent review articles (Schmelzbach et al, 2018;Igel et al, 2015; van der Baan, 2017) and two special issues (Lee et al, 2009;Igel et al, 2012). From an instrumentation point of view these developments can be subdivided into two categories: 1) the high-resolution observatory-style recording systems like ring lasers as discussed in this paper and 2) portable rotation sensors that only recently are considered fit for the specific requirements of seismic ground observations (e.g., Bernauer et al, 2012Bernauer et al, , 2018Yuan et al, 2020b;Wassermann et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…More relevant for field-type seismic experiments are the recent developments providing seismology with portable broadband rotation sensor technology (e.g., Bernauer et al, 2012Bernauer et al, , 2018Brokesova et al, 2012;Jaroszewicz et al, 2012). With appropriate sensitivity there is a broad spectrum of applications ranging from tilt-corrections to improve the quality of classic seismometer records (Lindner et al, 2017;Bernauer et al, 2020), to site-effect characterization (e.g., Keil et al, 2020), seismic source inversion (e.g., Donner et al, 2016), separation of wavefields (e.g., Sollberger et al, 2018), volcano seismology (e.g., Wassermann et al, 2020), seismic exploration (e.g., Li and van der Baan, 2017), or structural engineering (e.g., Trifunac, 2009;Schreiber et al, 2009d). The current portable rotation sensing technology is not sensitive enough to measure below the physical noise level of our planet (e.g., ocean generated noise).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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ROMY: A Multi-Component Ring Laser for Geodesy and Geophysics

Igel¹,

Schreiber²,

Gebauer³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Single-component ring lasers have provided high-resolution observations of Earth's rotation rate as well as local earthquake-or otherwise-induced rotational ground motions. Here we present the design, construction, and operational aspects of ROMY, a four-component, tetrahedral-shaped ring laser installed at the Geophysical Observatory Fürstenfeldbruck near Munich, Germany. Four equilateral, triangular-shaped ring lasers with 12 m side length provide rotational motions that can be combined to construct the complete vector of Earth's rotation from a point measurement with very high resolution. Combined with a classic broadband seismometer we obtain the most accurate 6 degree-of-freedom ground motion measurement system to date, enabling local and teleseismic observations as well as the analysis of ocean-generated Love and Rayleigh waves. The specific design and construction details are discussed as are the resulting consequences for permanent observations. We present seismic observations of local, regional, and global earthquakes as well as seasonal variations of oceangenerated rotation noise. The current resolution of polar motion is discussed and strategies how to further improve long-term stability of the multi-component ring-laser system are presented.

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“…For the purpose of constraining the interior structure of a planetary body, the concepts of seismology play a major role. On Earth, recent studies have shown vital advantages of 6DoF observations compared to the classical 3DoF approach (Wassermann et al 2016;Sollberger et al 2018;Schmelzbach et al 2018;Wassermann et al 2020;Bernauer et al 2020;Yuan et al 2020). Among the major advantages for planetary applications are the following:…”

Section: Dof Seismologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring planets and asteroids with 6DoF sensors: Utopia and realism

Bernauer

Garcia

Murdoch

et al. 2020

Earth Planets Space

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A 6 degrees-of-freedom (6DoF) sensor, measuring three components of translational acceleration and three components of rotation rate, provides the full history of motion it is exposed to. In Earth sciences 6DoF sensors have shown great potential in exploring the interior of our planet and its seismic sources. In space sciences, apart from navigation, 6DoF sensors are, up to now, only rarely used to answer scientific questions. As a first step of establishing 6DoF motion sensing deeper into space sciences, this article describes novel scientific approaches based on 6DoF motion sensing with substantial potential for constraining the interior structure of planetary objects and asteroids. Therefore we estimate 6DoF-signal levels that originate from lander–surface interactions during landing and touchdown, from a body’s rotational dynamics as well as from seismic ground motions. We discuss these signals for an exemplary set of target bodies including Dimorphos, Phobos, Europa, the Earth’s Moon and Mars and compare those to self-noise levels of state-of-the-art sensors.

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Six‐Axis Ground Motion Measurements of Caldera Collapse at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i—More Data, More Puzzles?

Cited by 14 publications

References 12 publications

Seismological Processing of Six Degree-of-Freedom Ground-Motion Data

Seismological Processing of Six Degree-of-Freedom Ground-Motion Data

ROMY: A Multi-Component Ring Laser for Geodesy and Geophysics

Exploring planets and asteroids with 6DoF sensors: Utopia and realism

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