“…These countries have studied the measurement methods, formation mechanism, and prediction methods of mining ground fractures. Ground collapse pits formed by underground mining are also the main forms of discontinuous deformation, which occur less in China, mainly in Poland [17][18][19][20][21][22], India [23][24][25][26], South Africa [27,28], UK [29,30], Japan [31], Spain [32], Korea [33], Turkey [34], etc. Taking Poland as an example, the monitoring, formation mechanism and prediction model of coal mining collapse pit are focused on.…”