Single vision during ocular deviation in intermittent exotropia

Abstract

Intermittent exotropia is a common oculomotor anomaly where one eye intermittently deviates outwards. Patients with this type of strabismus are often not aware of the exodeviation and do not usually experience diplopia. In this review, we discuss what is known about the cortical mechanisms which achieve single vision during exodeviation in this condition, and highlight some outstanding questions.

Headache in the paediatric population: the role of the ophthalmologist

“…Among our children, most of cases (40%) presented intermittent exotropia without convergence insufficiency which needed surgical or rehabilitative interventions to resolve headaches. This type of strabismus did not cause significant disturbances ( 43 ), but our study did not confirm these results.…”

Headache in the paediatric population: the role of the ophthalmologist

“…Among our children, most of cases (40%) presented intermittent exotropia without convergence insufficiency which needed surgical or rehabilitative interventions to resolve headaches. This type of strabismus did not cause significant disturbances ( 43 ), but our study did not confirm these results.…”

Spatial Patterns of Fixation-Switch Behavior in Strabismic Monkeys

“…In ARC, the fovea of the fixating eye is matched up with an extrafoveal location (deviated by the strabismus angle), thereby providing a mechanism for maintaining some binocular perception. 1 One advantage of ARC, as pointed out in a review by Serrano-Pedraza and colleagues, 41 is that the fovea of the deviated eye does not need to be suppressed. Herzau 42 suggested that ARC has the most benefit (in terms of providing an usable binocular percept) for targets projected in-between the fovea of the two eyes.…”

Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus

“…The lack of binocular inhibition was also no surprise. Visual confusion is resolved in exotropia not by inhibition, but through a phenomenon termed "anomalous retinal correspondence" (Cooper and Feldman, 1979;Herzau, 1996;Serrano-Pedraza et al, 2011;Economides et al, 2012). In subjects with anomalous retinal correspondence, the spatial registration of one retina is shifted laterally relative to the other.…”

Headache in the paediatric population: the role of the ophthalmologist

“…Among our children, most of cases (40%) presented intermittent exotropia without convergence insufficiency which needed surgical or rehabilitative interventions to resolve headaches. This type of strabismus did not cause significant disturbances ( 43 ), but our study did not confirm these results.…”

Spatial Patterns of Fixation-Switch Behavior in Strabismic Monkeys

“…In ARC, the fovea of the fixating eye is matched up with an extrafoveal location (deviated by the strabismus angle), thereby providing a mechanism for maintaining some binocular perception. 1 One advantage of ARC, as pointed out in a review by Serrano-Pedraza and colleagues, 41 is that the fovea of the deviated eye does not need to be suppressed. Herzau 42 suggested that ARC has the most benefit (in terms of providing an usable binocular percept) for targets projected in-between the fovea of the two eyes.…”

Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus

“…The lack of binocular inhibition was also no surprise. Visual confusion is resolved in exotropia not by inhibition, but through a phenomenon termed "anomalous retinal correspondence" (Cooper and Feldman, 1979;Herzau, 1996;Serrano-Pedraza et al, 2011;Economides et al, 2012). In subjects with anomalous retinal correspondence, the spatial registration of one retina is shifted laterally relative to the other.…”

Headache in the paediatric population: the role of the ophthalmologist

“…Among our children, most of cases (40%) presented intermittent exotropia without convergence insufficiency which needed surgical or rehabilitative interventions to resolve headaches. This type of strabismus did not cause significant disturbances ( 43 ), but our study did not confirm these results.…”

Spatial Patterns of Fixation-Switch Behavior in Strabismic Monkeys

“…In ARC, the fovea of the fixating eye is matched up with an extrafoveal location (deviated by the strabismus angle), thereby providing a mechanism for maintaining some binocular perception. 1 One advantage of ARC, as pointed out in a review by Serrano-Pedraza and colleagues, 41 is that the fovea of the deviated eye does not need to be suppressed. Herzau 42 suggested that ARC has the most benefit (in terms of providing an usable binocular percept) for targets projected in-between the fovea of the two eyes.…”

Interocular Suppression in Primary Visual Cortex in Strabismus

“…The lack of binocular inhibition was also no surprise. Visual confusion is resolved in exotropia not by inhibition, but through a phenomenon termed "anomalous retinal correspondence" (Cooper and Feldman, 1979;Herzau, 1996;Serrano-Pedraza et al, 2011;Economides et al, 2012). In subjects with anomalous retinal correspondence, the spatial registration of one retina is shifted laterally relative to the other.…”