Single Photon Detection in the Long Wave Infrared

Ueda, Taisei; An, Zhenghua; Hirakawa, K.; Komiyama, S.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4020-8425-6_41

Cited by 3 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The use of natural hyperbolic materials would greatly facilitate technical challenges involved in fabrication of the photonic hyper-crystal structures. While more technically challenging, quantum nonlinear optics in the LWIR range has been made possible due to recent introduction of the LWIR single photon detectors [11], so that consideration of natural hyperbolic materials would also appear to be justified. While propagation losses present a considerable challenge in the hyperbolic metamaterial design, Ni et al [7] demonstrated that losses in a silver-based hyperbolic metamaterial may be compensated in the visible (~700 nm) frequency range by gain media, such as a dielectric polymer doped with Rh800 dye.…”

Section: Linear Optical Properties Of Hyperbolic Resonator-based Photmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals: optical limiting and hyper-computing

Smolyaninov¹

2019

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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Photonic hyper-crystals combine the most interesting features of hyperbolic metamaterials and photonic crystals. Since the dispersion law of extraordinary photons in hyperbolic metamaterials does not exhibit the usual diffraction limit, photonic hyper-crystals exhibit light localization on deep subwavelength scales, leading to considerable enhancement of nonlinear photon-photon interaction. Therefore, similar to their conventional photonic crystal counterparts, nonlinear photonic hyper-crystals appear to be very promising in optical limiting and optical computing applications. Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals may be formulated in such a way that one of the spatial coordinates would play a role of effective time in a 2+1 dimensional "optical spacetime" describing light propagation in the hypercrystal. Mapping the conventional optical computing onto nonlinear optics of photonic hypercrystals results in a "hyper-computing" scheme, which may considerably accelerate computation time.

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Section: Linear Optical Properties Of Hyperbolic Resonator-based Photmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals: optical limiting and hyper-computing

Smolyaninov¹

2019

J. Opt. Soc. Am. B

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“…The CSIP has double quantum wells (QWs) in a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure crystal. This indicates ultrahigh sensitivity due to the large photoconductive gain obtained by the photo-induced ionization of the upper QW plate (via inter-subband excitation) that is sensed by a conductance change through the lower QW [9]. The CSIP in this study is designed to detect LWIR photons with λ = 14.5 μm (bandwidth: 1 μm) since the spectral range of around 15 μm is rich in interesting spectra of materials.…”

Section: Development Of the S-snommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These photons are detected by the CSIP detector, cooled down to 4.2 K in the liquid He cryostat, via a ZnSe window, a confocal pinhole (62.5 μm diameter) and Ge relay lenses. The CSIP detector, operated in a reset mode [9,10] a differential amplifier. The CSIP signal, V B , includes nearfield components when the probe is close to the sample surface.…”

Section: Development Of the S-snommentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this study, we develop an extremely sensitive s-SNOM and demonstrate passive near-field microscopy in 0957-0233/11/085102+05$33.00 the LWIR region. Our s-SNOM consists of a home-made AFM and a confocal microscope [8] equipped with a highly sensitive LWIR detector, named a charge-sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP) [9,10]. This CSIP detects LWIR photons with wavelengths centered at 14.5 μm (bandwidth: 1 μm) and indicates 10 2 times higher specific detectivity than conventional sensitive detectors such as mercury cadmium telluride (MCT) [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Probing thermal evanescent waves with a scattering-type near-field microscope

Kajihara¹,

Kosaka²,

Komiyama³

2011

Meas. Sci. Technol.

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Long wavelength infrared (LWIR) waves contain many important spectra of matters like molecular motions. Thus, probing spontaneous LWIR radiation without external illumination would reveal detailed mesoscopic phenomena that cannot be probed by any other measurement methods. Here we developed a scattering-type scanning near-field optical microscope (s-SNOM) and demonstrated passive near-field microscopy at 14.5 µm wavelength. Our s-SNOM consists of an atomic force microscope and a confocal microscope equipped with a highly sensitive LWIR detector, called a charge-sensitive infrared phototransistor (CSIP). In our s-SNOM, photons scattered by a tungsten probe are collected by an objective of the confocal LWIR microscope and are finally detected by the CSIP. To suppress the far-field background, we vertically modulated the probe and demodulated the signal with a lock-in amplifier. With the s-SNOM, a clear passive image of 3 µm pitch Au/SiC gratings was successfully obtained and the spatial resolution was estimated to be 60 nm (λ/240). The radiation from Au and GaAs was suggested to be due to thermally excited charge/current fluctuations and surface phonons, respectively. This s-SNOM has the potential to observe mesoscopic phenomena such as molecular motions, biomolecular protein interactions and semiconductor conditions in the future.

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“…By realizing a large photo-conductive gain, single THz photon counting has been demonstrated with an extraordinarily high sensitivity, where a quantum dot (QD) is photo-excited and the excitation event is sensed by a nearby single electron transistor [7][8][9]. By making analogy to this QD scheme in bilayer two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs), much simpler detectors with equally high sensitivity, called charge sensitive infrared photo transistors (CSIPs), have been invented [10][11][12][13]. For a review of QD detectors and CSIPs, 1 Present address: Advanced Research Institute, RIKEN, Hirosawa 2-1, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.…”

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confidence: 99%

A new scheme for sensitive detection of terahertz photons

Wang¹,

Nakajima²,

Matsuda³

et al. 2012

Nanotechnology

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Charge sensitive infrared photo transistors (CSIPs) made in GaAs/AlGaAs bilayer two-dimensional electron systems (2DESs) serve as sensitive photodetectors in the mid- and long-wavelength infrared regions. A new design of CSIP is proposed to expand the wavelength range to longer wavelengths (λ > 36 μm). Remarkably improved detector performance is demonstrated for λ ≈ 39 μm. In CSIPs electrons are photo-excited in a floating gate (FG) served by an isolated region of upper layer 2DESs. In the new design (i) a bow-tie antenna couples incident radiation to an FG far smaller in size (2-3 μm) than the wavelength and (ii) excited electrons 'laterally' escape from the FG via tunneling through a barrier formed by biased metal cross gates. The charge state of the FG is sensed by a source-drain channel in the lower layer of the 2DES. The sensitivity and the quantum efficiency have been greatly improved, indicating that CSIPs are promising detectors in an expanded wavelength range exceeding 36 μm.

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Single Photon Detection in the Long Wave Infrared

Cited by 3 publications

References 11 publications

Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals: optical limiting and hyper-computing

Nonlinear optics of photonic hyper-crystals: optical limiting and hyper-computing

Probing thermal evanescent waves with a scattering-type near-field microscope

A new scheme for sensitive detection of terahertz photons

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