Single-phase determination of calcium and magnesium in biodiesel using smartphone-based digital images

Soares, Samara; Fernandes, Gabriel Martins; Moraes, Liz Mary Bueno de; Batista, Alex D.; Rocha, Fábio R.P.

doi:10.1016/j.fuel.2021.121837

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…SDIC is a unique technique that takes advantage of smartphones' availability and affordability to transform analytical instrumentation, with enormous advantages in science education (Table 1). Furthermore, the analytical usage of SDIC has also been improved by the availability of free apps and easy-to-use programs for data processing [18].…”

Section: Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry: An Affordable Easy-To-Use Approach for Hands-On Training in Resource-Limited Settings

Markus,

Paul,

Marks

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Analytical instruments used for scientific research and education are often expensive. This limitation poses a challenge for schools and educators in low-income countries to provide practical science training to students. To address this problem, the improvisation of analytical instruments and instructional materials has emerged as a viable solution. By incorporating practical experiments into science education, students have the opportunity to engage directly with scientific instruments, conduct investigations, and collect data. This hands-on approach fosters a deeper understanding of scientific principles, enhances critical thinking skills, and cultivates scientific mindsets among students. Herein, we review and discuss, step-by-step, the approach of using a smartphone for quantitative analysis, referred to as smartphone digital image colorimetry (SDIC). SDIC, with its practicality and accessibility, utilizes smartphone digital cameras for image acquisition and the freely available image processing programs, such as ImageJ and smartphone Apps, for image quantification. Using SDIC can enable students in low-income countries to develop essential scientific skills, including critical thinking, data interpretation, and an evidence-based approach to scientific research. By leveraging the ubiquity and affordability of smartphone technology, SDIC offers an accessible and cost-effective approach to practical science education, bridging the gap between theory and practice in resource-constrained settings.

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Section: Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The concentration of analyte in solutions and their absorbance exhibit a linear relationship. Although different based on how measurements are taken and data are processed, nonetheless, the readings of SDIC, like the traditional UV-vis spectrophotometry, are proportional to absorbance, obeying Beer-Lambert's law [18].…”

Section: Open Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry: An Affordable Easy-To-Use Approach for Hands-On Training in Resource-Limited Settings

Markus,

Paul,

Marks

et al. 2024

Preprint

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“…The use of images obtained from digital devices and their processing to obtain the color modes (e. g. RGB, HSV, CMYK, and grayscale) has been successfully explored for the determination of Ca 2 + , Co 2 + , Cr 6 + , Cu 2 + , Hg 2 + , Fe 3 + , Fe 2 + , Mg 2 + and Pb 2 + in colored solutions from water, [16][17][18][19][20][21] alcoholic beverages, [22][23][24][25] foodstuffs, [21,[26][27] soils, [20] and biodiesel [28] samples. These methods are attractive due to their simplicity, inexpensiveness, high sample throughput, and possible portability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Direct Determination of the Aluminum Content in Antiperspirants Using Digital Image Colorimetry

Teixeira,

Virgilio,

Santos

2023

ChemistrySelect

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In this work a dilute‐and‐shoot procedure using digital image colorimetry (DIC) was evaluated for the determination of aluminum in antiperspirants. Derivatization was performed by means of the reaction between Al(III) and Alizarin Red S (ARS) reagent. Digital images were acquired using a table scanner and the average values for red, green and blue channels (RGB) were obtained. Optimal conditions were set at pH=4.5, ARS concentrations 10‐fold higher than Al(III) and using the G channel. The method presented linearity in the 2.0–10.0 mg L−1 range, the limit of detection (LOD) was 1.1 mg L−1 and precision was better than 2.55 %. Accuracy was checked by the analysis of spiked samples at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1 Al(III), and good recoveries (82.6–117.5 %) were obtained. Eight samples of roll‐on antiperspirants were analyzed by the proposed colorimetric method and the well‐stablished flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) comparative method. The obtained results were not statistically different at 95 % confidence level. An analytical greenness assessment was performed for both methods and the procedure based on digital image colorimetry was proven to be a greener approach due to miniaturization, low sample consumption, least amount of waste and high sample throughput.

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“…In recent decades, emissions of gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect have increased due to the growing demand for energy [1]. The development of a clean, ecological, sustainable alternative that meets the needs of the market has been widely discussed by the scientific community around the world [2,3]. In this scenario, biodiesel has attracted attention because of its properties, which are similar to fossil diesel [4,5], as well as by having advantages, such as the emission of less toxic suspended particles, lower emission of smoke and byproducts of its combustion, and greater safety and production capacity from renewable sources [6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functionalized Biochar from the Amazonian Residual Biomass Murici Seed: An Effective and Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

Ribeiro,

Gonçalves,

da Rocha Filho

et al. 2023

Molecules

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This study presents the synthesis of a basic heterogeneous catalyst based on sodium functionalized biochar. The murici biochar (BCAM) support used in the process was obtained through the pyrolysis of the murici seed (Byrsonimia crassifolia), followed by impregnation of the active phase in amounts that made it possible to obtain concentrations of 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18% of sodium in the final composition of the catalyst. The best-performing 15Na/BCAM catalyst was characterized by Elemental Composition (CHNS), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TG/DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersion X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). The catalyst 15Na/BCAM was applied under optimal reaction conditions: temperature of 75 °C, reaction time of 1.5 h, catalyst concentration of 5% (w/w) and MeOH:oil molar ratio of 20:1, resulting in a biodiesel with ester content of 97.20% ± 0.31 in the first reaction cycle, and maintenance of catalytic activity for five reaction cycles with ester content above 65%. Furthermore, the study demonstrated an effective catalyst regeneration process, with the synthesized biodiesels maintaining ester content above 75% for another five reaction cycles. Thus, the data indicate a promising alternative to low-cost residual raw materials for the synthesis of basic heterogeneous catalysts.

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Single-phase determination of calcium and magnesium in biodiesel using smartphone-based digital images

Cited by 16 publications

References 17 publications

Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry: An Affordable Easy-To-Use Approach for Hands-On Training in Resource-Limited Settings

Smartphone Digital Image Colorimetry: An Affordable Easy-To-Use Approach for Hands-On Training in Resource-Limited Settings

Direct Determination of the Aluminum Content in Antiperspirants Using Digital Image Colorimetry

Functionalized Biochar from the Amazonian Residual Biomass Murici Seed: An Effective and Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel Synthesis

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