Single or combined effects of fructo- and mannan oligosaccharide supplements on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, immune responses and stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823

Prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico para larvas de Trichogaster leeri (Bleeker, 1852, Perciformes, Osphronemidae)

“…Diferentes respostas podem ser dependentes da dose, do tipo e da duração da sua administração (Ringo et al, 2010). Alguns estudos em aquicultura têm demonstrado a capacidade dos prebióticos e dos probióticos em aumentar as repostas imunes inata e adaptativa no tecido linfoide associado ao intestino, bem como a imunidade sistêmica, como atividade fagocítica, atividade da lisozima e expressão de algumas citocinas e anticorpos, e consequentemente a resistência a doenças e à sobrevivência (Ai et al, 2011;Safari et al, 2014).…”

“…De fato, foi demonstrado que existe forte correlação positiva entre a resistência ao estresse e o aumento nos parâmetros da resposta imune na aquicultura (Safari et al, 2014). De modo semelhante ao presente estudo, Safari et al (2014), com Astacus leptodactylus (Eschscholtz, 1823, Decapoda, Astacidae), e Hernandez et al (2010), com P. gracilis, observaram que a suplementação de, respectivamente, prebiótico e probiótico aumentou a resistência ao estresse por exposição ao ar. Os resultados são relacionados pelos autores à melhora na condição de saúde dos peixes, embora os mecanismos específicos não estejam evidenciados.…”

Effects of dietary l-carnitine level on growth performance, immune responses and stress resistance of juvenile narrow clawed crayfish, Astacus leptodactylus leptodactylus Eschscholtz, 1823

“…All assays were done one by one at three replicates without pooling samples. Hemolymph was obtained from the ventral sinus with a needle (25G), pooled, stored in a one milliliter microtube containing 0.4 ml Alsever (115 mmol glucose, 336 mmol NaCl, 27 mmol sodium citrate and 9 mmol EDTA with pH 7) as an anticoagulant and then, divided into two parts (Safari et al, 2014c). One part (100 μl) was used to measure the following hemolymph indices.…”

“…Samples were vortexed and centrifuged at 13,000 ×g for 15 min at 4°C and the hemocyte supernatant was collected. For measurement of PO activity, 25 μl hemocyte supernatant was placed in 96-well microtiter plates and incubated for 30 min with 25 μl of 0.1% trypsin in SSS (Shrimp Salt Solution) according to the ionic and osmotic values of crayfish hemolymph: 230 Mm NaCl, 10 Mm KCl, 10 Mm HEPES, pH 7.4, and 421 mosM kg −1 (Safari et al, 2014c). Then, 25 μl of 0.3% L-DOPA (L-3,4 dihydroxy phenyl alanine) was added and incubated for 10 min.…”

“…To obtain a holistic approach in order to select a feed additive in the sustainable aquaculture industry, considering key parameters such as initial weight, feeding period, supplement dose, basal diet formulation, intestinal flora, type of tested biological responses including growth performance, survival rate, carcass quality, and enzymatic and immunological indices are critical (Safari et al, 2014c). Recently, there is an increasing interest in natural feed additives as potent antioxidants (Ma et al, 2008).…”