Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in COX2 Is Associated with Persistent Primary Tooth and Delayed Permanent Tooth Eruption

Abstract

Persistent primary tooth (PPT) is a prevalent clinical condition that occurs when a primary tooth is over-retained beyond the established period of its normal exfoliation time, remaining in the oral cavity. Many factors could be involved in the risk of PPT; therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate if single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the COX2 gene are associated with PPT. Children undergoing orthodontic treatment were screened. Orthopantomographs were assessed to evaluate PPT according to the Nolla stage of its permanent successor. The primary tooth was considered retained when its successor permanent tooth was in Nolla stage 8 and below the alveolar crypt, Nolla stage 9, or Nolla stage 10. A saliva sample from each child was collected and used for DNA extraction. A real-time PCR of two SNPs, rs689466 (−1195 G/A) and rs5275 (+665 T/C), was performed. A chi-square test was used to compare the allele and genotype distribution. Haplotype analysis was also performed. A total of 100 children were included in the study. Fifty-one had at least one PPT, while 49 children were classified as a control. The number of teeth persistent in the oral cavity ranged from 1 to 8. The genotype distribution was associated with PPT in the co-dominant model (p = 0.006) for SNP rs5275. The individuals that carry two T alleles (TT) compared with the individuals that carry at least one C allele (C + TC) had an almost three times higher chance of presenting with PPT (p = 0.012; OR = 2.99, CI95% 1.28 to 6.95–recessive model). The haplotype C-A for the SNPs rs5275 and rs689466, respectively, was significantly associated (p = 0.042). In conclusion, single nucleotide polymorphisms in the gene encoding for COX2 are associated with persistent primary tooth and may delay permanent tooth eruption.

Investigating the association between dental age and polymorphisms in genes encoding estrogen receptors

“…Modesto, et al 31 (2019) assessed whether genetic polymorphisms in growth factors ( IGF, FGFs, and FGFRs ) were involved in dental age and observed that FGF18 (rs4073716) was associated with an older dental age than the child’s chronological age. Genetic polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) were not associated with dental age in the study by Küchler, et al 29 (2022), also in Brazilian children.…”

“…Only a few studies have investigated the role of genetic polymorphisms in dental age in humans. 29 , 31 Understanding the relationship between dental age and genetic polymorphisms can have significant implications for clinical practice. Dental age assessment is a crucial aspect of orthodontic treatment planning, as it helps determine the optimal timing and approach for interventions.…”

“…A delta [dental age-chronological age (DA-CA)] was obtained, which shows whether the patient tends to have a normal, delayed (negative values), or advanced (positive values) dental maturity, in line with a previous study. 29 Two observers trained by a senior orthodontist were previously trained and calibrated. The weighted Cohen’s Kappa test was performed for each tooth evaluated.…”

Correlation between the Extraction of Permanent Teeth in Children and Future Growth of Third Molar

“…This was an option. The results of this study suggest that it may be worthwhile to incur the costs of a similar longitudinal study [23]. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have not been conducted in this industry due to recruitment, ethics, and follow-up time.…”

Assessment of permanent teeth development in children with multiple persistent primary teeth

“…The panoramic radiographs of each patient were assessed by a single examiner, an experienced pediatric dentist (B.G.T.). PPT was defined as a primary tooth that did not exfoliate and the eruption time of the permanent successor tooth had expired for more than one year, as previously described [4,[16][17][18]. The eruption time of the permanent successor tooth was examined based on the chronological scale determined by considering the genders of the Turkish children [19].…”