Single layer graphene Hall sensors for scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) in 3–300K temperature range

Sonusen, Selda; Karcı, Özgür; Dede, Munir; Aksoy, Seda; Oral, Ahmet

doi:10.1016/j.apsusc.2014.04.191

Cited by 20 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…This operating principle suggests sensitivity over a broad range of temperatures and magnetic fields, whereas other types of sensors, including SQUID magnetometers 5,8,9 and magnetoresistive sensors 2,10 , only remain sensitive at cryogenic temperatures or small magnetic fields. Hall sensors with a micrometer-scale sensitive area are well-suited for probing mesoscopic magnetic and superconducting structures and devices, with the sensor interfaced directly with the structure 3,4,7 or integrated into a scanning probe microscope 5,6,[11][12][13][14][15] . In scanning Hall probe microscopy, the spatial resolution of measurements is limited by a combination of scan height and sensor size, suggesting development of well-performing sensors with small sensitive areas 5,9,[11][12][13] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic field detection limits for ultraclean graphene Hall sensors

et al. 2020

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Solid-state magnetic field sensors are important for applications in commercial electronics and fundamental materials research. Most magnetic field sensors function in a limited range of temperature and magnetic field, but Hall sensors in principle operate over a broad range of these conditions. Here, we evaluate ultraclean graphene as a material platform for highperformance Hall sensors. We fabricate micrometer-scale devices from graphene encapsulated with hexagonal boron nitride and few-layer graphite. We optimize the magnetic field detection limit under different conditions. At 1 kHz for a 1 μm device, we estimate a detection limit of 700 nT Hz −1/2 at room temperature, 80 nT Hz −1/2 at 4.2 K, and 3 μT Hz −1/2 in 3 T background field at 4.2 K. Our devices perform similarly to the best Hall sensors reported in the literature at room temperature, outperform other Hall sensors at 4.2 K, and demonstrate high performance in a few-Tesla magnetic field at which the sensors exhibit the quantum Hall effect.

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confidence: 99%

Magnetic field detection limits for ultraclean graphene Hall sensors

et al. 2020

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“…Here, micro-and nanoscale Hall sensors for traceable scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) are characterized, and one technique to integrate them into a commercial atomic force microscope (AFM) is presented. AFM-based SHPM (Sandhu et al, 2004;Shaw et al, 2016;Sonusen et al, 2014) (AFM-SHPM) has certain advantages compared to other magnetic imaging techniques. In comparison to magnetic force microscopy (Hu et al, 2018;Kazakova et al, 2019), AFM-SHPM can be considered as being noninvasive due to the use of nonmagnetic materials and a neglectable magnetic field produced by the supply current.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is applicable to a broader field range than magneto-optical indicator film techniques (Kabanov et al, 2005;McCord, 2015), which are limited by the saturation field of the sensor film. Unlike magneto-resistive sensors (Costa et al, 2015;Takezaki and Sueoka, 2008), Hall probes show excellent linearity without hysteresis and measure a well-defined field component perpendicular to the sensor plane. Furthermore, SHPM enables a low sample-probe distance and therefore a spatial resolution limited by the sensor size only.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Traceably calibrated scanning Hall probe microscopy at room temperature

Gerken

Solignac

Pakdehi

et al. 2020

J. Sens. Sens. Syst.

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Abstract. Fabrication, characterization and comparison of gold and graphene micro- and nanoscale Hall sensors for room temperature scanning magnetic field microscopy applications are presented. The Hall sensors with active areas from 5 µm down to 50 nm were fabricated by electron-beam lithography. The calibration of the Hall sensors in an external magnetic field revealed a sensitivity of 3.2 mV A−1 T−1 ± 0.3 % for gold and 1615 V A−1 T−1 ± 0.5 % for graphene at room temperature. The gold sensors were fabricated on silicon nitride cantilever chips suitable for integration into commercial scanning probe microscopes, allowing scanning Hall microscopy (SHM) under ambient conditions and controlled sensor–sample distance. The height-dependent stray field distribution of a magnetic scale was characterized using a 5 µm gold Hall sensor. The uncertainty of the entire Hall-sensor-based scanning and data acquisition process was analyzed, allowing traceably calibrated SHM measurements. The measurement results show good agreement with numerical simulations within the uncertainty budget.

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“…19,20 In principle, graphene sensors could be extremely promising. [21][22][23][24] The importance of keeping the sensor-sample distance as small as possible for the lateral resolution is discussed by Lima and co-authors in Ref. 25.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hexapod Hall scanner for high-resolution large area magnetic imaging

Perkins

Kustov

Lovell

et al. 2018

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We demonstrate a six-axis scanning imaging apparatus using piezo bending actuators with a large scan range. The six axes of motion of the bending actuators together with the coupling mechanism to the translation stage allow complete control of the sensor position and orientation over the scanning surface, which is ideal for the use of planar sensors such as Hall devices. In particular, the design allows for in situ correction of the probe tilt angle so that the sensor distance to sample surface can be minimized. We investigate the impact of this alignment on the quality of the measured data using an InSb Hall sensor and a magnetic sample. We also demonstrate a synchronous commutation setup that can greatly enhance the magnetic image by reducing the Hall signal offset.

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Single layer graphene Hall sensors for scanning Hall probe microscopy (SHPM) in 3–300K temperature range

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Magnetic field detection limits for ultraclean graphene Hall sensors

Magnetic field detection limits for ultraclean graphene Hall sensors

Traceably calibrated scanning Hall probe microscopy at room temperature

Hexapod Hall scanner for high-resolution large area magnetic imaging

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