Single hemorrhage: A clinically relevant canine model of hemorrhagic shock

A study of the effect of hemorrhage on the cardiorespiratory actions of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in the dog

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al. 1988; Haskins & Patz 1990; Crippen et al.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre‐established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre‐determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984; Carroll et al. 1988; Crippen et al.…”

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al 1988;Haskins & Patz 1990;Crippen et al 1991;Rocha e Silva et al 1992;Pascoe et al 1994). However, comparison between studies may be difficult because of the use of different methods to induce hemorrhagic shock.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre-established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre-determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984;Carroll et al 1988;Crippen et al 1991) because it was theorized that the volume-guided hemorrhage would allow a better hemodynamic comparison between agents. Correspondingly, if one considers the use of pressureguided hemorrhage in the current experimental setting, it could have resulted in the removal of greater blood volumes in the ISO group, as this treatment was associated with a smaller blood pressure decrease in response to the withdrawal of a constant blood volume.…”

A study of the effect of hemorrhage on the cardiorespiratory actions of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in the dog

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al. 1988; Haskins & Patz 1990; Crippen et al.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre‐established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre‐determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984; Carroll et al. 1988; Crippen et al.…”

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al 1988;Haskins & Patz 1990;Crippen et al 1991;Rocha e Silva et al 1992;Pascoe et al 1994). However, comparison between studies may be difficult because of the use of different methods to induce hemorrhagic shock.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre-established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre-determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984;Carroll et al 1988;Crippen et al 1991) because it was theorized that the volume-guided hemorrhage would allow a better hemodynamic comparison between agents. Correspondingly, if one considers the use of pressureguided hemorrhage in the current experimental setting, it could have resulted in the removal of greater blood volumes in the ISO group, as this treatment was associated with a smaller blood pressure decrease in response to the withdrawal of a constant blood volume.…”

Fluid Resuscitation for Refractory Hypotension

“…During this period, dogs were untreated and heart rate increased from 81 beats/min before hemorrhage to over 186 beats/min, and both plasma total protein and packed cell volume decreased. Over the next hour, mean arterial blood pressure decreased again to the initial drop and heart rate was over 220 beats/min, to which the dogs succumbed to death (46).…”

A study of the effect of hemorrhage on the cardiorespiratory actions of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in the dog

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al. 1988; Haskins & Patz 1990; Crippen et al.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre‐established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre‐determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984; Carroll et al. 1988; Crippen et al.…”

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al 1988;Haskins & Patz 1990;Crippen et al 1991;Rocha e Silva et al 1992;Pascoe et al 1994). However, comparison between studies may be difficult because of the use of different methods to induce hemorrhagic shock.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre-established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre-determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984;Carroll et al 1988;Crippen et al 1991) because it was theorized that the volume-guided hemorrhage would allow a better hemodynamic comparison between agents. Correspondingly, if one considers the use of pressureguided hemorrhage in the current experimental setting, it could have resulted in the removal of greater blood volumes in the ISO group, as this treatment was associated with a smaller blood pressure decrease in response to the withdrawal of a constant blood volume.…”

Fluid Resuscitation for Refractory Hypotension

“…During this period, dogs were untreated and heart rate increased from 81 beats/min before hemorrhage to over 186 beats/min, and both plasma total protein and packed cell volume decreased. Over the next hour, mean arterial blood pressure decreased again to the initial drop and heart rate was over 220 beats/min, to which the dogs succumbed to death (46).…”

A study of the effect of hemorrhage on the cardiorespiratory actions of halothane, isoflurane and sevoflurane in the dog

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al. 1988; Haskins & Patz 1990; Crippen et al.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre‐established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre‐determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984; Carroll et al. 1988; Crippen et al.…”

“…Experimental induction of hemorrhagic shock has been used widely to evaluate the effects of anesthetics and/or therapeutic agents in hypovolemic patients (Carroll et al 1988;Haskins & Patz 1990;Crippen et al 1991;Rocha e Silva et al 1992;Pascoe et al 1994). However, comparison between studies may be difficult because of the use of different methods to induce hemorrhagic shock.…”

“…According to this method, blood is withdrawn at a constant rate until mean arterial blood pressure is decreased to a pre-established value (usually 40 mmHg). In our study, a pre-determined blood volume was withdrawn to induce hemorrhagic shock (Seyde & Longnecker 1984;Carroll et al 1988;Crippen et al 1991) because it was theorized that the volume-guided hemorrhage would allow a better hemodynamic comparison between agents. Correspondingly, if one considers the use of pressureguided hemorrhage in the current experimental setting, it could have resulted in the removal of greater blood volumes in the ISO group, as this treatment was associated with a smaller blood pressure decrease in response to the withdrawal of a constant blood volume.…”

Fluid Resuscitation for Refractory Hypotension

“…During this period, dogs were untreated and heart rate increased from 81 beats/min before hemorrhage to over 186 beats/min, and both plasma total protein and packed cell volume decreased. Over the next hour, mean arterial blood pressure decreased again to the initial drop and heart rate was over 220 beats/min, to which the dogs succumbed to death (46).…”