Single dose intranasal immunization with ISCOMATRIX™ vaccines to elicit antibody-mediated clearance of influenza virus requires delivery to the lower respiratory tract

Selection of Adjuvants for Enhanced Vaccine Potency

“…It was shown to induce more effective pulmonary protection (10-100 fold dose sparing) against viral challenge when it is used intranasally with split influenza vaccines in mice [165]. Deep pulmonary delivery of several ISCOMATRIX-based vaccines has been shown to induce antigen-specific mucosal and systemic immunity [166,167].…”

Recent advances in the development of novel mucosal adjuvants and antigen delivery systems

“…15,18,[20][21][22][23][24] For some of these adjuvants, issues of actual or perceived toxicity, stability, complexity and scalability of preparation as well as efficacy and duration of induced immune responses remain unresolved. 6,11,13,25,26 For instance, ISCOMATRIX TM (colloidal, spherical structures, comprising of saponin such as Quil A, cholesterol and a phospholipid) has potential as a mucosal adjuvant 27,28 but it may not be easily amenable for use with hydrophilic protein antigens, and concerns/perceptions regarding saponin toxicity remain. 29,30 Cochleate vaccines derived by interaction of multivalent cations with ester lipid liposomes 31,32 or with proteoliposomes 24,33 have been investigated for mucosal…”

Combinatorial evaluation of in vivo distribution of polyanhydride particle-based platforms for vaccine delivery

“…This needle-free approach does not require highly trained medical personnel, results in better patient compliance, and is capable of enhancing both mucosal and systemic immune responses. 6 A drawback of IN administration is the relatively poor immune responses induced by soluble protein antigens that are used in nonadjuvanted vaccines. 2,6 Often, there is rapid epithelial adsorption and mucociliary clearance of these antigens, 6 which can result in short respiratory tract residence times and induction of weak immune responses.…”

“…6 A drawback of IN administration is the relatively poor immune responses induced by soluble protein antigens that are used in nonadjuvanted vaccines. 2,6 Often, there is rapid epithelial adsorption and mucociliary clearance of these antigens, 6 which can result in short respiratory tract residence times and induction of weak immune responses. 7,8 Collectively, a need exists for versatile, biocompatible vaccine delivery platforms that can be administered via a variety of routes, thereby allowing them to reach different lymphoid tissues and provide sustained antigen release to enable more effective disease prevention.…”