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Cited by 46 publications
(26 citation statements)
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“…HTL allows for the biofuel production from wet microalgae without a drying pre-treatment [5] and it tolerates the conversion of the whole microalga biomass, also including the low-lipid microalgal biomass which normally has higher growth rates [3,[6][7][8][9]. Moderate temperatures (200-380 • C) and high pressures (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and microalga:water ratios within the range 5%-15% are commonly used in HTL [10,11]. HTL yields a solid residue or biochar, a gaseous phase and two liquid fractions (aqueous and organic).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
See 1 more Smart Citation
“…HTL allows for the biofuel production from wet microalgae without a drying pre-treatment [5] and it tolerates the conversion of the whole microalga biomass, also including the low-lipid microalgal biomass which normally has higher growth rates [3,[6][7][8][9]. Moderate temperatures (200-380 • C) and high pressures (10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25) and microalga:water ratios within the range 5%-15% are commonly used in HTL [10,11]. HTL yields a solid residue or biochar, a gaseous phase and two liquid fractions (aqueous and organic).…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The HTL biocrude can be upgraded with a conventional catalytic hydrotreatment [15], but novel processes involve the modification of the HTL process. Thus, some recent investigations deal to the HTL in two stages, where the N and O contained in the initial biomass is removed at low temperatures in a pre-treatment and the solid phase obtained in this first stage is transform to a low N and O content biocrude in the following HTL step [6,16,17]. Other authors have studied the use of co-solvents such as ethanol [18,19], obtaining high biocrude yields at lower temperatures.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…There are numerous publications on the impact of nature of raw materials as well as the effect of process conditions on the yield of produced bio-oil [11][12][13][14]. The former research have shown that the type and content of the main biochemical components, i.e.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…He et al [15] investigated the use of organic co-solvents during continuous HTL of macroalgae as means of in situ fractionation of the biocrude products. Prapaiwatcharapan et al [6] investigated the effect of operating conditions on the yield and characteristics of the biocrude that is obtained in a semi-continuous system through single-step and two-step sequential HTL using microalgae as feedstock. Pedersen et al [16] investigated glycerol-assisted HTL of aspen wood in the presence of a homogenous catalyst with a water-phase recirculation at supercritical water conditions.…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Bio-based fuels are an alternative resource that can be used to address the energy crises and mitigate the environmental impacts associated with fossil-based fuels as bio-based fuels are carbon neutral resources [2][3][4][5]. For bio-based fuels and products to be economically feasible, continuous conversion of biomass to bio-based products is required [6,7].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%