“…These effects, observable even after a single singing session and strengthening over time, have been reported in studies of: established choirs (Beck et al, 2000;Clift andHancox, 2001, 2011;Kreutz et al, 2004); women in prison (Silber, 2004), homeless people (Bailey and Davidson, 2015); older people in care settings Bungay et al, 2010;Skingley and Vella-Burrows, 2010); people experiencing chronic pain (Hopper, Curtiz, Hodge et al, 2016); people with COPD (Morrison, et al, 2013;Skingley, Page, Clift et al, 2014), and people in choirs for people affected by cancer (Fancourt et al, 2016). A definitive demonstration of improvement in mental health-related quality of life comes from a randomised controlled trial of a weekly community singing programme for older people living independently (Coulton et al, 2015;Skingley, Martin and Clift, 2014).…”