Sinapine Leakage from Non-viable Cabbage Seeds

Taylor, A.G.; Huang, Xiao-hua; Hill, H. J.

doi:10.1093/jxb/39.10.1433

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…2). This physical description verifies our visual interpretation that the fluorescence was blue-green (Taylor et al, 1988). The fluorescence emission varied with seedlot (Table 1) and may be attributed to differences in leakage rate, sinapine content, and coating characteristics.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

“…Physiological presowing treatments are treatments that involve hydration and dehydration of seeds under controlled environmental conditions for a specified period of time (Taylor and Harman, 1990). One consequence of hydrating seeds is that the nonviable Brassica seeds would preferentially leak sinapine into the imbibing medium (Taylor et al, 1988). Sinapine would normally be discarded at the completion of the hydration phase in a conventional physiological seed treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Phenolic or aromatic choline esters have been found in seeds of the Brassicaceae, and the predominant phenolic choline ester was sinapine (3, 5-dimethoxy -4-hydroxycinnamoylcholine) (Bouchereau et al, 199l;Clausen et al, 1985). Sinapine has been shown 10 leak preferentially from nonviable Brassica seeds after imbibition (Taylor et al, 1988). This compound is fluorescent and is yellow at high pH (210).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color Sorting of Coated Brassica Seeds by Fluorescent Sinapine Leakage to Improve Germination

Taylor¹,

Churchill²,

Lee³

et al. 1993

jashs

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Color sorting was performed to upgrade seed quality by removal of fluorescent coated seeds. The fluorescent coating was attributed to sinapine leakage from nonviable seeds. Nine seedlots, three seedlots each of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. Capitata group), broccoli, and cauliflower (B. oleracea L. Botrytis group) were custom coated. Seed samples were pretreated before coating with or without 1.0% NaOCl for 10 minutes to enhance leakage. All samples revealed a percentage of seeds with fluorescence. The light emission from selected fluorescent and nonfluorescent coated seeds was quantified by fiber-optic spectrophotometry. Fluorescence was expressed from 400 to 560 nm, with peak emission being from 430 to 450 nm. These data confirmed our visual interpretation of blue-green fluorescence. The ratio of light emission from fluorescent compared to nonfluorescent coated seeds ranged from 4.5 to 7.0 for all samples and averaged 5.7. An ultraviolet (UV) color sorter was employed to separate fluorescent (reject) from nonfluorescent (accept) coated seeds. The percentage of nonfluorescent coated seeds (averaged over seedlot and NaOCl pretreatment) before and after sorting was 89.5% and 95.9%, respectively. Therefore, color sorting was able to remove a high percentage of fluorescent coated seeds with an average loss (rejection of nonfluorescent coated seeds) of 6%. An increase in the percent germination was recorded in eight of the nine seedlots following color sorting, and the greatest improvement was obtained with seedlots of medium quality. Germination of three medium quality lots was increased by 10 to 15 percentage points. The average increase in germination with or without NaOCl pretreatment was 8.2 and 5.5 percentage points, respectively. In conclusion, the germination of Brassica seedlots could be improved by separating (removing) fluorescent from nonfluorescent coated seeds. UV color sorting technology was employed to demonstrate that seed conditioning could be conducted on a commercial basis to upgrade seed quality.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Color Sorting of Coated Brassica Seeds by Fluorescent Sinapine Leakage to Improve Germination

Taylor¹,

Churchill²,

Lee³

et al. 1993

jashs

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“…Fluorescent leakage from Brassica seeds in association with non-viability was reported by Kugler (1952) and Zhang and Yan (1964). Taylor et al (1988) verified that the major compound responsible for the observed fluorescence was sinapine. Based on our experience with different Brassica crops and varieties, the loss of germination was accompanied with an increase in the percentage of seeds that leaked sinapine as illustrated by a single lot of cabbage (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Sinapine Leakage for Detection of Seed Quality in Brassica

Lee

Taylor

Paine

1997

Basic and Applied Aspects of Seed Biology

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Sinapine leakage has been developed as a rapid seed viability test in Brassica and other Cruciferous seeds on a single seed basis, in which non-viable seeds leak fluorescent sinapine while viable seeds do not leak. Sinapine leakage was used to predict germination for II lots, and the prediction was significantly correlated with the actual germination. The major source of errors in this test is false-negatives (F-), i.e. those seeds that do not leak and do not germinate. The sinapine leakage index (SU) was calculated to assess F-for any seed lot by dividing the number of non-germinable seeds that leaked by the total number of non-germinable seeds. The SU was found to be related to seed coat permeability. Chemical analysis of seed coats was conducted on 4 lots with different SU values. Cutin content was negatively correlated with SU, and cutin may restrict the diffusion of sinapine throughout the seed coat. Sinapine leakage provided the basis for the development of a novel seed coating system to detect and upgrade seed quality. Seeds were first imbibed and then coated with a cellulose filler to adsorb sinapine leakage. The coated seeds are then dried and sorted by UV colour sorting equipment to upgrade seed quality by removal of fluorescent coated seeds.

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“…An aqueous solution of sinapine had an absorbance maximum of 322 and 388 nm at pH 7 and 10, respectively (Taylor et al, 1988). The absorbance at these wavelengths was considered to be proportional to the sinapine concentration in solution.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sinapine Leakage from Brassica Seeds

Taylor¹,

Paine²,

Paine³

1993

jashs

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The purpose of this project was to study factors that influence the leakage rate and develop methods to enhance leakage of sinapine from Brassica seeds. Six seedlots (two seedlots of one cultivar each of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L., Capitata group), broccoli, and cauliflower (B. oleracea L., Botrytis group) were studied. Leakage was quantified spectrophotometrically by measuring the absorbance of the soak water at 330 nm. The onset of sinapine leakage was determined from single seeds by the visual presence (yellow soak water) caused by soaking seeds in a biological buffer adjusted to pH 10. The leakage pattern from heat-killed seeds of all seedlots was sigmoidal with a distinct lag phase followed by a rapid efflux and final slower rate. The duration of the lag phase and the total amount of sinapine leaked after 24 hours was not the same for all seedlots after adjusting for seed count, seed weight, or sinapine content. Therefore, another factor was responsible for differences measured in leakage. Embryos or seeds with cracked testas leaked faster than intact seeds, and the leakage pattern without testa integrity was biphasic. From these studies, we conclude that the testa was a major factor regulating sinapine leakage. Pretreating heat killed seeds, with up to 1.0% NaOCl for 10 minutes, accelerated the onset of leakage. The time for 50 percent of the seeds to leak (T50) decreased as NaOCl concentration increased. Leakage uniformity, as measured by the standard deviation of the distribution, generally increased as NaOCl concentration increased. The sigmoidal leakage pattern from heat-killed Brassica seeds may be attributed to seedcoat cracking associated with imbibitional swelling. A NaOCl pretreatment may have increased the permeability of the testa and, thereby, enhanced the leakage rate.

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Sinapine Leakage from Non-viable Cabbage Seeds

Cited by 6 publications

References 15 publications

Color Sorting of Coated Brassica Seeds by Fluorescent Sinapine Leakage to Improve Germination

Color Sorting of Coated Brassica Seeds by Fluorescent Sinapine Leakage to Improve Germination

Sinapine Leakage for Detection of Seed Quality in Brassica

Sinapine Leakage from Brassica Seeds

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