Simultaneous measurements of mass, chemical compositional and number characteristics of aerosol particles emitted during fireworks

Joshi, Manish; Nakhwa, Amruta; Khandare, Pallavi; Khan, Arshad; Mariam,; Sapra, B.K.

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.116925

Cited by 18 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…5416), sampling at the ow rate of 0.3 Lmin -1 and measuring total number concentration of particles (>4 nm particle diameter) was employed for this purpose. Other relevant details about these instruments and sampling protocols have been provided elsewhere 34,35 . TSI Portacount respirator l tester (model no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick laboratory methodology for determining the effectiveness of face mask respirators in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic

Joshi

Khan

Sapra

2020

Preprint

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Recent crisis in the form of COVID-19 has rendered wearing a face mask mandatory for patients, health care workers and even members of public worldwide. This has caused a sudden shift of focus on availability, effectiveness, re-use and development of face masks. It is imperative that commercialization of face masks is subjected to certification, following standard procedures, from authorized agencies. However, at times, there is a need to conduct a quick investigation on their performance, specially, when new materials are being used for making the masks. In the current pandemic situation, the shortage of masks has also led to a rethinking on strategies of reuse of masks after due sterilization. For such situations, a quick laboratory methodology to test/determine the effectiveness of face mask respirators has been developed. The testing parameters include the particle capture efficiency of the mask material, pressure drop and the fit factor. Two different, simple, make-shift set-ups have been adopted for the present context. The first is used to measure the intrinsic particle capture efficiency and pressure drop of the filter material and the second is employed as a ‘full mask sampler’ to assess the leakages through seams and joints. For particle filtration efficiency, measurements in optical particle diameter range (0.3-20 µm) are most important as they cover the most penetrating particle size (MPPS) range; nevertheless, we also measured aerosol number concentration in sub-micrometer and ultrafine size ranges. Experiments conducted with atomized NaCl test aerosols, using these setups on three types of face masks viz. commercial N-95, surgical mask and cloth mask have been used for the validation and interpretation of results. This paper hopes to provide a crucial laboratory link between the face mask developers and the final certification agencies in the times of urgency.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quick laboratory methodology for determining the effectiveness of face mask respirators in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic

Joshi

Khan

Sapra

2020

Preprint

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“…Fireworks affect local populations through visibility reduction and increased health risks due to briefly elevated particulate matter (PM) levels. Total PM mass concentrations during local celebrations in the following cities exceeded the 24 h US National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) for PM 10 of 150 µg m −3 : Leipzig, Germany, (Wehner et al, 2000); Brownsville, Texas, United States (US) (Karnae, 2005); Montreal, Canada (Joly et al, 2010), and New Delhi, India, (Mönkkönen et al, 2004). Firework emissions from at least 19 studies have also been linked to exceedance of the 24 h US NAAQS limit for PM 2.5 of 35 µg m −3 (Lin, 2016, and references therein).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Manganese is either a fuel or oxidizer, and Zn is used for sparks (Licudine et al, 2012;Martín-Alberca and García-Ruiz, 2014;Shimizu, 1981;Wang et al, 2007;Ennis and Shanley, 1991). Also from fuel and oxidizer combustion are species such as NO − 3 , SO 2− 4 , and organics including oxaloacetic acid (Alpert and Hopke, 1981;Barman et al, 2008;Carranza et al, 2001;Dorado et al, 2001;Drewnick et al, 2006;Joly et al, 2010;Joshi et al, 2016;Kulshrestha et al, 2004;Kumar et al, 2016;Lin et al, 2016;Moreno et al, 2010;Sarkar et al, 2010;Tanda et al, 2019;Thakur et al, 2010;Joshi et al, 2019). Fireworkderived chloride in Taiwan has been attributed to raw materials such as KClO 3 , ClO 3 , and ClO 4 with Cl − : Na + ratios reaching approximately 3 (Tsai et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to composition, a necessary aspect of characterizing impacts of firework emissions is to measure aerosol size distributions within the short timeframe of an event (Joshi et al, 2019). Owing to combustion during firework events, PM concentrations are dominated by particles in the submicrometer range (Vecchi et al, 2008;Nicolás et al, 2009;Joshi et al, 2019;Pirker et al, 2020;Do et al, 2012). Particle number concentration maxima have been noted for the nucleation (0.01 to 0.02 µm) and Aitken (0.02 to 0.05 µm) modes (Yadav et al, 2019;Yuan et al, 2020), in addition to both the small (0.1 to 0.5 µm) (Wehner et al, 2000;Zhang et al, 2010) and large (0.5 to 1.0 µm) ends of the accumulation mode (Vecchi et al, 2008) during firework events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Measurement report: Firework impacts on air quality in Metro Manila, Philippines, during the 2019 New Year revelry

et al. 2021

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Abstract. Fireworks degrade air quality, reduce visibility, alter atmospheric chemistry, and cause short-term adverse health effects. However, there have not been any comprehensive physicochemical and optical measurements of fireworks and their associated impacts in a Southeast Asia megacity, where fireworks are a regular part of the culture. Size-resolved particulate matter (PM) measurements were made before, during, and after New Year 2019 at the Manila Observatory in Quezon City, Philippines, as part of the Cloud, Aerosol, and Monsoon Processes Philippines Experiment (CAMP2Ex). A high-spectral-resolution lidar (HSRL) recorded a substantial increase in backscattered signal associated with high aerosol loading ∼440 m above the surface during the peak of firework activities around 00:00 (local time). This was accompanied by PM2.5 concentrations peaking at 383.9 µg m−3. During the firework event, water-soluble ions and elements, which affect particle formation, growth, and fate, were mostly in the submicrometer diameter range. Total (>0.056 µm) water-soluble bulk particle mass concentrations were enriched by 5.7 times during the fireworks relative to the background (i.e., average of before and after the firework). The water-soluble mass fraction of PM2.5 increased by 18.5 % above that of background values. This corresponded to increased volume fractions of inorganics which increased bulk particle hygroscopicity, kappa (κ), from 0.11 (background) to 0.18 (fireworks). Potassium and non-sea-salt (nss) SO42- contributed the most (70.9 %) to the water-soluble mass, with their mass size distributions shifting from a smaller to a larger submicrometer mode during the firework event. On the other hand, mass size distributions for NO3-, Cl−, and Mg2+ (21.1 % mass contribution) shifted from a supermicrometer mode to a submicrometer mode. Being both uninfluenced by secondary aerosol formation and constituents of firework materials, a subset of species were identified as the best firework tracer species (Cu, Ba, Sr, K+, Al, and Pb). Although these species (excluding K+) only contributed 2.1 % of the total mass concentration of water-soluble ions and elements, they exhibited the highest enrichments (6.1 to 65.2) during the fireworks. Surface microscopy analysis confirmed the presence of potassium/chloride-rich cubic particles along with capsule-shaped particles in firework samples. The results of this study highlight how firework emissions change the physicochemical and optical properties of water-soluble particles (e.g., mass size distribution, composition, hygroscopicity, and aerosol backscatter), which subsequently alters the background aerosol's respirability, influence on surroundings, ability to uptake gases, and viability as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN).

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Long term analysis of air quality parameters for Ludhiana, India: sources, trends and health impact

Buwaniwal,

Sharma,

Gupta

et al. 2024

Environ Geochem Health

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Simultaneous measurements of mass, chemical compositional and number characteristics of aerosol particles emitted during fireworks

Cited by 18 publications

References 68 publications

Quick laboratory methodology for determining the effectiveness of face mask respirators in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic

Quick laboratory methodology for determining the effectiveness of face mask respirators in the wake of COVID-19 pandemic

Measurement report: Firework impacts on air quality in Metro Manila, Philippines, during the 2019 New Year revelry

Long term analysis of air quality parameters for Ludhiana, India: sources, trends and health impact

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