Simultaneous exposure of Chinese hamsters to ethanol and cigarette smoke: Cytogenetic aspects

Cytogenetic damage in bidi smokers

“…A significantly increased mitotic index in the cells was observed on exposure to a mixture of tobacco and marijuana smoke (Leuchtenberger & Leuchtenberger, 1971). A similar increase was reported by Korte, Wagner, and Obe (1981) in smoke-treated Chinese hamsters. Littlefield and Joiner (1986), however, recorded a significant increase in the mean MI in cultured lymphocytes of cigarette smokers.…”

Cytogenetic damage in bidi smokers

“…A significantly increased mitotic index in the cells was observed on exposure to a mixture of tobacco and marijuana smoke (Leuchtenberger & Leuchtenberger, 1971). A similar increase was reported by Korte, Wagner, and Obe (1981) in smoke-treated Chinese hamsters. Littlefield and Joiner (1986), however, recorded a significant increase in the mean MI in cultured lymphocytes of cigarette smokers.…”

Cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary alveolar macrophages of the rat

“…The failure to detect cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells by Korte et al [1981] may have been due to both the short smoke exposure and cell type selected for study. In this study, Chinese hamsters were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke 1 hr per day for 12 weeks.…”

“…Most in vitro studies demonstrate rations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). However, results from studies in Chinese hamsters and rats did not demonstrate clastogenic activity of cigarette smoke in bone marrow cells [Korte et al, 1981;Basler, 19821. Interestingly, significant increases in the numbers of SCE and micronuclei are observed in bone marrow cells of mice chronically exposed, either nose only or whole body, to cigarette smoke [Benedict et al, 1984;Putman et al, 1985;Mohtashamipur et al, 1986;Balansky et al, 19871. Many investigators have reported that cigarette smoke causes a significant increase in the frequencies of SCE and CA in lymphocytes of smokers [Obe and Herha, 1978;Hopkins and Evans, 1979;Husum et al, 1982;Vijayalaxmi and Evans, 1982;Carrano and Moore, 1982;Littlefield and Joiner, 1986;Ghosh and Ghosh, 1987;Husgafvel-Pursiainen et al, 1987;Perera et al, 19871.…”

Modulation by Ethanol of Cigarette Smoke Clastogenicity in Cells of Adult Mice and of Transplacentally Exposed Fetuses

“…The synergism between CS and EtOH could be reproduced both in vitro by evaluating the mutagenicity of combined agents in strain YG1029 of Salmonella typhimurium [13] and in vivo by evaluating the cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of male BD6 rats [7] and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in the oesophagus of BD 6 rats co-exposed to CS and EtOH [14]. However, a study in Chinese hamsters failed to point out any increase of structural chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of animals treated, either individually or in combination, with CS and EtOH [15]. In humans, an elevated frequency of micronucleated (MN) buccal mucosa cells was observed in a group of smokers and alcohol drinkers but not in subjects exposed to either agent individually [16].…”

Cytogenetic damage in bidi smokers

“…A significantly increased mitotic index in the cells was observed on exposure to a mixture of tobacco and marijuana smoke (Leuchtenberger & Leuchtenberger, 1971). A similar increase was reported by Korte, Wagner, and Obe (1981) in smoke-treated Chinese hamsters. Littlefield and Joiner (1986), however, recorded a significant increase in the mean MI in cultured lymphocytes of cigarette smokers.…”

Cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary alveolar macrophages of the rat

“…The failure to detect cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells by Korte et al [1981] may have been due to both the short smoke exposure and cell type selected for study. In this study, Chinese hamsters were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke 1 hr per day for 12 weeks.…”

“…Most in vitro studies demonstrate rations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). However, results from studies in Chinese hamsters and rats did not demonstrate clastogenic activity of cigarette smoke in bone marrow cells [Korte et al, 1981;Basler, 19821. Interestingly, significant increases in the numbers of SCE and micronuclei are observed in bone marrow cells of mice chronically exposed, either nose only or whole body, to cigarette smoke [Benedict et al, 1984;Putman et al, 1985;Mohtashamipur et al, 1986;Balansky et al, 19871. Many investigators have reported that cigarette smoke causes a significant increase in the frequencies of SCE and CA in lymphocytes of smokers [Obe and Herha, 1978;Hopkins and Evans, 1979;Husum et al, 1982;Vijayalaxmi and Evans, 1982;Carrano and Moore, 1982;Littlefield and Joiner, 1986;Ghosh and Ghosh, 1987;Husgafvel-Pursiainen et al, 1987;Perera et al, 19871.…”

Modulation by Ethanol of Cigarette Smoke Clastogenicity in Cells of Adult Mice and of Transplacentally Exposed Fetuses

“…The synergism between CS and EtOH could be reproduced both in vitro by evaluating the mutagenicity of combined agents in strain YG1029 of Salmonella typhimurium [13] and in vivo by evaluating the cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of male BD6 rats [7] and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in the oesophagus of BD 6 rats co-exposed to CS and EtOH [14]. However, a study in Chinese hamsters failed to point out any increase of structural chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of animals treated, either individually or in combination, with CS and EtOH [15]. In humans, an elevated frequency of micronucleated (MN) buccal mucosa cells was observed in a group of smokers and alcohol drinkers but not in subjects exposed to either agent individually [16].…”

Cytogenetic damage in bidi smokers

“…A significantly increased mitotic index in the cells was observed on exposure to a mixture of tobacco and marijuana smoke (Leuchtenberger & Leuchtenberger, 1971). A similar increase was reported by Korte, Wagner, and Obe (1981) in smoke-treated Chinese hamsters. Littlefield and Joiner (1986), however, recorded a significant increase in the mean MI in cultured lymphocytes of cigarette smokers.…”

Cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke on pulmonary alveolar macrophages of the rat

“…The failure to detect cytogenetic effects of cigarette smoke in Chinese hamster bone marrow cells by Korte et al [1981] may have been due to both the short smoke exposure and cell type selected for study. In this study, Chinese hamsters were chronically exposed to cigarette smoke 1 hr per day for 12 weeks.…”

“…Most in vitro studies demonstrate rations (CA) and sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). However, results from studies in Chinese hamsters and rats did not demonstrate clastogenic activity of cigarette smoke in bone marrow cells [Korte et al, 1981;Basler, 19821. Interestingly, significant increases in the numbers of SCE and micronuclei are observed in bone marrow cells of mice chronically exposed, either nose only or whole body, to cigarette smoke [Benedict et al, 1984;Putman et al, 1985;Mohtashamipur et al, 1986;Balansky et al, 19871. Many investigators have reported that cigarette smoke causes a significant increase in the frequencies of SCE and CA in lymphocytes of smokers [Obe and Herha, 1978;Hopkins and Evans, 1979;Husum et al, 1982;Vijayalaxmi and Evans, 1982;Carrano and Moore, 1982;Littlefield and Joiner, 1986;Ghosh and Ghosh, 1987;Husgafvel-Pursiainen et al, 1987;Perera et al, 19871.…”

Modulation by Ethanol of Cigarette Smoke Clastogenicity in Cells of Adult Mice and of Transplacentally Exposed Fetuses

“…The synergism between CS and EtOH could be reproduced both in vitro by evaluating the mutagenicity of combined agents in strain YG1029 of Salmonella typhimurium [13] and in vivo by evaluating the cytogenetic damage in bone marrow cells of male BD6 rats [7] and the levels of bulky DNA adducts in the oesophagus of BD 6 rats co-exposed to CS and EtOH [14]. However, a study in Chinese hamsters failed to point out any increase of structural chromosome aberrations or sister chromatid exchanges in bone marrow cells of animals treated, either individually or in combination, with CS and EtOH [15]. In humans, an elevated frequency of micronucleated (MN) buccal mucosa cells was observed in a group of smokers and alcohol drinkers but not in subjects exposed to either agent individually [16].…”