Simultaneous estimation of segmented telescope phasing errors and non-common path aberrations from adaptive-optics-corrected images

Abstract

We investigate the focal plane wavefront sensing technique, known as Phase Diversity, at the scientific focal plane of a segmented mirror telescope with an adaptive optics (AO) system. We specifically consider an optical system imaging a point source in the context of (i) an artificial source within the telescope structure and (ii) from AO-corrected images of a bright star. From our simulations, we reliably disentangle segmented telescope phasing errors from non-common path aberrations (NCPA) for both a theoretical source and on-sky, AO-corrected images where we have simulated the Keck/NIRC2 system. This quantification from on-sky images is appealing, as it is sensitive to the cumulative wavefront perturbations of the entire optical train; disentanglement of phasing errors and NCPA is therefore critical, where any potential correction to the primary mirror from an estimate must contain minimal NCPA contributions. Our estimates require a 1-min sequence of short-exposure, AO-corrected images; by exploiting a slight modification to the AO-loop, we find that 75 defocused images produce reliable estimates. We demonstrate a correction from our estimates to the primary and deformable mirror results in a wavefront error reduction of up to 67 per cent and 65 per cent for phasing errors and NCPA, respectively. If the segment phasing errors on the Keck primary are of the order of ∼130 nm RMS, we show we can improve the H-band Strehl ratio by up to 10 per cent by using our algorithm. We conclude our technique works well to estimate NCPA alone from on-sky images, suggesting it is a promising method for any AO-system.

A deep learning approach for focal-plane wavefront sensing using vortex phase diversity

“…This illustrates the fact the VC provides an azimuthal phase diversity, which can be used instead of the radial phase diversity provided by an additional defocus (Riaud et al 2012a). In the case of the SVC, the sign ambiguity would then be lifted similarly to using only an out-of-focus PSF in classical phase diversity (e.g., Lamb et al 2021).…”

“…In the case of the SVC, the sign ambiguity would then be lifted similarly to using only an out-of-focus PSF in classical phase diversity (e.g., Lamb et al 2021).…”